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DATA PROCESSOR
INPUT
(DATA)
Process
(Transformation)
OUTPUT
(INFORMATION)
Data:
Information:
Measured
1KB
1MB
1GB
Bytes
1024
104876
1073741824
Bytes
210
220
230
Program:
DATA
Storage
Access
Manipulate
Types
Operation
Applicaton
PROGRAM
How to Write
Proof of correctness
Efficiency
Input Unit:
All data and instructions need to be
entered into the computer system
through the input unit.
Accepts the data and instructions
from the outside world.
Converts the data and instruction
into a form that computer can
understand.
The converted data and instructions
are sent to the computer system for
further processing.
Memory Unit:
Internal data storage in a computer.
The memory is comprised of a large
number of individual cells, each with a
unique number, known as its address,
associated with it.
Storage Unit:
The basic unit of storage in computer
is bit. Bit is binary digit which can be
set to either 0 or 1.
The storage capacity of a computer is
measured in terms of bytes;
1 byte is equal to 8 bits.
Primary Storage
It stores and provide very fast.
This memory is generally used to
o hold the program being currently
executed in the computer.
o the data being received from the
input unit, manipulated the data
and final results of the program.
The primary memory is temporary in
nature.
Secondary Storage
Secondary storage is used like an archive.
It stores several programs, documents,
database etc.
Whenever the results are saved, again they
get stored in the secondary memory.
Secondary storage differs from primary
storage in that it is not directly accessible by
the CPU.
The secondary memory is slower than the
primary memory.
Some of the commonly used secondary
memory devices are hard disk, CD etc.
Output Unit:
Accepts results from the processing unit of
computer.
Converts those results into human readable form.
Provides the results to outside world.
Control Unit
The CU coordinates and controls all activities
of the computer.
It is the CU that tells the input unit to accept
data from the outside world and pass it on to
the storage for further processing.
The component of the CPU that control other
components, So that the instructions are
executed in the correct sequence.
Data
Structures
[Schaums Outline]
An
By
Seymour
Lipschutz
Data
Structure
Algorithm
Data
Group item :
Data item that can be subdivided into sub item.
Ex Name : First Name, Middle initial and Last Name
Elementary item:
Data item that can not be sub divided into sub item
Ex : PAN card number / Bank Pass Book Number is
treated as single item
Entity
Ex:
Attributes Name
Values
John
Entity
Each
Information:
processed data
The
Name Age
Branch
A
B
C
17
18
19
M
M
F
109cs0132
109ee1234
109ce0012
CSE
EE
CE
20
108mm0132
MM
Record
Fixed Length
Variable Length
The
A data
Data
Structure
The
Choice
It
Customer
Salesperson
Adams
Smith
Brown
Ray
Clark
Jones
Drew
Ray
Evans
Smith
Farmer
Jones
Geller
Ray
Hill
Smith
Customer
Pointer
Salesperson
Adams
Jones
Brown
Ray
Clark
Smith
Drew
Evans
Farmer
Geller
Hill
Customer
Pointer
Salesperson
Pointer
Adams
Jones
3,6
Brown
Ray
2,4,7
Clark
Smith
1,5,8
Drew
Evans
Farmer
Geller
Hill
Customer
Pointer
Salesperson
Pointer
Adams
Jones
Brown
Ray
Clark
Smith
Drew
Evans
Farmer
Geller
Hill
Data
Particular
Traversing:
Searching:
Inserting
Deleting