LIGHT FIDELITY

The artery of future technology

SANJIV KUMAR
206113020
M Tech 1st yr, CSE ,
National Institute of Technology,
Tiruchirappalli

Key Points
VLC introduction
VLC history

VLC frequency band

What motivate for visible light communication
Li-Fi Basic Idea
Working Principle of Li-Fi
Li-Fi technological aspects
Standards
Issues and challenges
Conclusion

VLC Introduction
VLC (Visible Light Communication)
New communication technology using Visible Light.

Visible Light
Wavelength between ~400nm to ~700nm.
General Characteristic
Visibility : Aesthetically pleasing.
Security : What You See Is What You Send.
Health : Harmless for human body.
Unregulated : no regulation in optical frequency.
Using in the restricted area : aircraft, spaceship, hospital.
Eye safety.

VLC History

Frequency Band for VLC

VLC Motivation
Communication community trend
Ubiquitous (Connected anywhere, anytime)
Security

LED trend
LED technical evolution (efficiency, brightness)
LED availability and cost effectiveness.
Environmental trend
Energy saving.
No E-smog.

VLC Motivation
Intrinsic characteristics of VLC
Visibility.

No interference / No regulation.
Limitations of other technology
The spectrum crunch.
Increasing demand in cloud and in media server.

Light Fidelity (Basic Idea)

Li-Fi, or light fidelity, is visible light communication systems
using light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a medium to
deliver networked, mobile, high-speed communication in a
similar manner as Wi-Fi and Optical fiber.

Off means 0 and On means 1

Use fast modulation (OFDM).
Based on persistent of vision.

Working Principle
Sender side using special LED bulb capable of
modulating the signal.

Receiver side a receiver capable of demodulating

the incoming signal.

Working Principle

Salient features of technology

Li-Fi Technological aspects

Capacity
Almost infinite bandwidth
Visible light spectrum is 10000 times larger then Radio spectrum.
Ready to fulfill growing demands of cloud and media server .
No government regulation act on visible light spectrum.

Efficiency
Instant start time ,parallel transmission of data
Low power consumption
Dynamic dark brightness modulation of lamp to enhance
video contrast

Li-Fi Technological aspects

Security
Signals cannot pass through walls so more secure.
All the security mechanism above DLL are compatible.

Availability
No health issue.
During Night time lamp can be set to modulate dim light.
Environmental friendly.

No interference with other electromagnetic wave.

Li-Fi Technology demonstration

Traditional data transmission

Li-Fi Technology demonstration

Data transmission using Li-Fi RGB

Li-Fi Technology demonstration

Live demonstration in TED GLOBAL

Standards and protocols

JEITA CP-1221
Inter frequency accuracy range of 1nm.
3 major frequency range.
15 KHz to 40 KHz
40 KHz to 1 MHz

Above 1 MHz
IEEE 802.15.7
Data modulation schemes

On-off keying (OOK)

Variable pulse position modulation (VPPM)
The physical layer division
PHY I,PHY II and PHY III

VLC / RF

Potential applications of Li-Fi

Traditional use.

Potential applications of Li-Fi

Traffic

light

Potential applications of Li-Fi

Visible light ID system

Use in underwater.

Issues and challenges

Partial Line of Sight nature
Light cant pass through walls.
Multiple reflection strength reduced exponentially
Led technology enhancement.
Efficiency of present LED are not good if they fitted
with Li-Fi modulation circuit.
LED of range 10-6 has been designed.
Interference with other sources of light

Sun light other natural light.

Night time it can be modulated to a very dim light.

Issues and challenges

Backward Compatibility
Integration with Wireless infrastructure.

RF is dominating in digital communication

Providing an uplink.
The light source can be co-located with a VLC receiver

A retro reflector can be used to return incident light back.

Regulatory challenges
regulation by a non-communications standard.
IEEE 802.15.7

Conclusion
Visible Light Communications is the best system for an
ecology and human health, and can use the established

retro-system including the lighting facility as well as power

line system. This system is also free from the current radio
regulation.
VLC cant replace Wi-Fi completely .But it can act as
complementary technology to Wi-Fi .

A wide range of VLC is yet to be explored and Wi-Fi is

fairly mature technology.

References
1.www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG7.htm
2.http://www.ted.com/talks/harald_haas_wireless_data_
.
from_every_light_bulb.html

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_light_communication
4. http://ijarcsse.com/docs/papers/Volume_3/11_November
2013/V3I11-0434.pdf
5. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4699964

Questions?
Thank you.