ONE-WAY SLAB

DESIGN

SLAB
A reinforced concrete slab is a broad, flat plate
usually horizontal with top and bottom surfaces
parallel or nearly so.
Supported by:

RC beams
Masonry or RC walls
Structural steel members
Directly by columns
Continuously by ground

TYPES OF SLAB

Two opposite edge supported : One way. Ratio of length to

width greater than 2 that is l/w> 2 one way action obtained

TYPES OF SLAB

TYPES OF SLAB

ONE-WAY SLAB BEHAVIOR

One-Way Slab Design

Design of one slabs is like design of
parallel 12 beams.
Thickness of One-Way Slabs
Minimum thickness for solid one-way slabs
not supporting or attached or attached to
partitions, etc. Likely to be damaged by large
deflections: ACI Table 9.5(a)

One-Way Slab Design

Thickness of One-Way Slabs
The table
calculates the
minimum thickness
t ( l = span length in
inches)

(normal weight
concrete fy = 60 ksi
see code for
modification
factors)

One-Way Slab Design

Thickness of One-Way Slabs Table A-14
tmin, when damage to non-structural components
may occur

SLAB REINFORCEMENT
Main reinforcement
Used to resist moment
Shrinkage and temperature Reinforcement
Used to prevent cracking due to
contraction of the concrete resulting from
shrinkage and temperature changes
7.12.2.1 Area of shrinkage and temperature
reinforcement shall provide at least the following
ratios of reinforcement area to gross concrete area,
but not less than 0.0014:

SLAB REINFORCEMENT
Minimum reinforcement
Shrinkage and temperature
For fy = 40 to 50 ksi As(S&T) = 0.002bh
For fy = 60 ksi As(S&T) = 0.0018bh
For fy > 60 ksi As(S&T) = (0.0018x60xbh)/fy
>=0.0014bh
b = 12 in. (1 foot wide strip)
h = Slab thickness (in.)

MINIMUM COVER

ACI 7.7.71 (if not exposed to

weather or
in contact with soil)
in. for # 11 and smaller
1.5 in. for # 14 and # 18 bars

Cover for Slab Reinforcement

ACI Sec. 7.7.1 (min. cover for corrosion protection)
( 1.) Concrete exposed to earth or weather.
#5 and smaller

= 1.5 in.

#6 and larger

= 2.0 in.

( 2.) Concrete not exposed to earth or weather.

#11 and smaller

= 0.75 in.

Min. covers for fire ratings should also be considered.

MAXIMUM SPACING
Main reinforcement
ACI 10.5.4
S < smaller of (3 h or 18 in.)
ACI 10.6.4 .
Using min cover of in. and fs = 2/3fy=2/3(60000)
= 40,000 psi
S = 12 in.
Shrinkage and Temp. reinforcement
ACI 7.12.2.2
Smax (S&T) = min(5h or 18 in.)

One-Way Slab Design

Reinforcement
Typical Reinforcement in a one-way slab:

One-Way Slab Design

Cutoffs
If requirements for use of ACI Moment Coefficients:

Figure 10.9 text one-way slab (ref. ACI Committee 315

ACI Detail Manual 1980)

One-Way Slab Design

Need to confirm thickness is adequate for one-way
shear. Difficult to place shear reinforcement in a slab.
Minimum area of shear reinforcement required in slabs
if
Vu Vc
ACI Sec. 11.5.5.1

Usual use

Vc 2 f c bw d

ACI Eqn. 11-3

One-Way Slab Example

The cross section of a continuous one-way solid slab
in a building is shown. The slabs are supported by
beams that span 11 ft. The dead load on the slabs is
that due to self-weight plus 60 psf; The live load is
120 psf. Design the continuous slab and draw a
detailed section. Given: fc = 3 ksi, fy = 40 ksi.

One-Way Slab Example

Determine the thickness of the slab.

12 ft.
Minimum thickness
of interior bay:

12 in.
12 ft

L
1 ft.

5.14 in.
28
28

One-Way Slab Example

Use h= 6 in.

db
d h coverage
2
0.5 in.
6 in. 0.75 in.
5.0 in.
2
Dead weight

DL h DLsl
1 ft
3
2
6 in.
150
lb/ft

60
lb/ft

12 in.
135 lb/ft 2

One-Way Slab Example

Determine the load on the floor
U 1.2 DL 1.6 LL
1.2 135 lb/ft 2 1.6 120 lb/ft 2
354 lb/ft 2 0.354 k/ft 2

For slab design r is seldom > 0.01. Use c/d = 0.2

1k
Ru 0.85 f c 1k 1

0.85 0.2
0.85 3 ksi 0.85 0.2 1
0.397 ksi
2

One-Way Slab Example

Find the coefficient of the moment diagram

The maximum moment is

0.354 k/ft 11 ft.

wl
Mu

10
10
4.28 k-ft/ft
2
u n

ACI MOMENT AND SHEAR COEFFICEIENT

Positive moment
End spans
Discontinuous end unrestrained ............. wu ln2/11
Discontinuous end integral with support..... wu ln2/14
Interior spans............................................. wu ln2/16
Negative moments at exterior face of first interior
support
Two spans ................................................. wu ln2/9
More than two spans............................... wu ln2/10
Negative moment at other faces of interior
supports........................................................ wu ln2/11
Negative moment at face of all supports for Slabs with spans
not exceeding 10 ft; and beams where ratio of sum of column
stiffnesses to beam stiffness exceeds 8 at each end of the
span ............ wu ln2/12

ACI MOMENT AND SHEAR COEFFICEIENT

Negative moment at interior face of exterior support

for members built integrally with supports Where
support is spandrel beam .............. wu ln 2/24
Where support is a column............... wu ln 2/16

Shear in end members at face of first

interior support....................................... 1.15wu ln /2
Shear at face of all other supports................. wu ln /2

One-Way Slab Example

Find the design d for a one-foot strip
12 in.
4.28 k-ft/ft

Mu
ft

0.9
bd 2

Ru
0.397 ksi
143.9 in 3 / ft

If b =12-in. then d = 3.46-in., which for c/d = 0.2,

so d = 5-in., the slab is OK.

One-Way Slab Example

Find the coefficient of the shear

The maximum shear is

0.354 k/ft 11 ft.

wu l
Vu Cv
1.15
2
2
2.24 k/ft
2

One-Way Slab Example

Check the shear capacity of the slab

0.75 2

Vu 0.75 2 f c bw d

3000 12 in. 5 in. 4930 lb.

4.93 k > 2.24 k

Use h = 6-in., d = 5-in. and wu = 0.354 k/ft

One-Way Slab Example

Minimum about of steel is (use ACI 7.12 )

As min 0.0020bh 0.002 12 in. 6 in.

0.144 in 2
Moment capacity of the slab (12-in. beam)

Assume

M u As f y d
2

a
d 0.925d 0.925 5 in. 4.625 in.
2

One-Way Slab Example

Compute the moments

Moment capacity of the beam

ln
Mcoef
Mu
Am in
As

11 ft.

11 ft.

11 ft.

11 ft.

11 ft.

1/24

1/14

1/10

1/11

1/16

1.78 k-ft

3.06 k-ft

4.28 k-ft

3.89 k-ft

2.68 k-ft

0.144 in2 0.144 in2 0.144 in2 0.144 in2 0.144 in2
0.128 in2 0.221 in2 0.309 in2 0.280 in2 0.193 in2

One-Way Slab Example

Compute the moments
Mu

0.354 k/ft 11 ft
24

1.78 k-ft

Mu
Mu
As

a f y 0.925d

fy d
2

12 in.
1.78 k-ft

ft

0.129 in 2
0.9 40 ksi 4.625 in.

One-Way Slab Example

Check the assumption
a

0.129 in 2 40 ksi

0.85 3 ksi 12 in.

0.168 in.

a
0.168 in.
d 5 in.
4.92 in.

2
2

12 in.
1.78 k-ft

ft

As
0.9 40 ksi 4.92 in.
0.121 in 2

Assumption will work!

One-Way Slab Example

Use #4 bar Ab = 0.2 in2 The maximum spacing ACI 7.6.4

3h 3 6 in. 18 in.

maximum spacing

The spacing on the first location

Ab
12 in.
Ab

Areq s 12 in.
s
Areq
0.2 in 2
s 12 in.
16.67 in.
2
0.144 in

One-Way Slab Example

Select 15 in. for the spacing to calculate the
provided area.

As provided

12 in.
Ab

s
2 12 in.
0.2 in

15 in.
2
0.16 in

One-Way Slab Example

Actual spacing.

16.67 in

10.68 in

7.77 in

8.57 in

12.43 in

s chosen

15 in.

9 in.

6 in.

6 in.

9 in.

Aprovided
As(req)

4 @ 15 in. 4 @ 9 in. 4 @ 6 in. 4 @ 6 in. 4 @ 9 in.

0.16 in2 0.267 in2 0.4 in2
0.4 in2 0.267 in2
0.144 in2 0.221 in2 0.309 in2 0.280 in2 0.193 in2

One-Way Slab Example

Summary