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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change
Climate change
Over the last 50 years, human activities
particularly the burning of fossil fuels
have released sufficient quantities of
carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
gases to trap additional heat in the lower
atmosphere and affect the global
climate.
In the last 100 years, the world has
warmed by approximately 0.75oC. Each
of the last 3 decades has been
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs266/en/
successively warmer than any preceding
Climate change
Sea levels are rising, glaciers are
melting and precipitation patterns are
changing. Extreme weather events are
becoming more intense and frequent.
Climate change affects the social and
environmental determinants of health
clean air, safe drinking water,
sufficient food and secure shelter.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs266/en/
Climate change
Climate change has brought about
severe and possibly permanent
alterations to our planets geological,
biological and ecological systems
The Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) contended in
2003 that there is new and stronger
evidence that most of the warming
observed over the last 50 years is
attributable to human activities.
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Climate change
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_huma
Climate change
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_huma
Climate change
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Health impact
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Health impact
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Health impact
A warmer and more variable climate
leads to higher levels of some air
pollutants and more frequent extreme
weather events.
It increases the rates and ranges of
transmission of infectious diseases
through unclean water and contaminated
food, and by affecting vector organisms
(such as mosquitoes) and intermediate
or reservoir host species that harbor the
infectious agent (such as
cattle, bats and rodents).
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Health impact
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_hum
Health impact
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Health impact
Extreme high air temperatures contribute directly
to deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory
disease, particularly among elderly people. In the
heat wave of summer 2003 in Europe for
example, more than 70 000 excess deaths were
recorded2.
High temperatures also raise the levels of ozone
and other pollutants in the air that exacerbate
cardiovascular and respiratory disease.
Pollen and other aeroallergen levels are also
higher in extreme heat. These can trigger
asthma, which affects around 300 million people.
Ongoing temperature increases are expected to
increase this burden.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs266/en/
Health impact
Globally, the number of reported weatherrelated natural disasters has more than
tripled since the 1960s. Every year, these
disasters result in over 60 000 deaths, mainly
in developing countries.
Rising sea levels and increasingly extreme
weather events will destroy homes, medical
facilities and other essential services. More
than half of the world's population lives within
60 km of the sea. People may be forced to
move, which in turn heightens the risk of a
range of health effects, from mental disorders
to communicable diseases.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs266/en/
Health impact
Increasingly variable rainfall patterns
are likely to affect the supply of fresh
water.
A lack of safe water can compromise
hygiene and increase the risk of
diarrheal disease, which kills almost
600 000 children aged under 5, every
year.
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Health impact
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Agricultural impact
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agricult
Agricultural impact
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agricult
Agricultural impact
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agricult
Agricultural impact
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agricult
Agricultural impact
So far, the effects of regional climate
change on agriculture have been
relatively limited. Changes in
crop phenology provide important
evidence of the response to recent
regional climate change.
Phenology is the study of natural
phenomena that recur periodically, and
how these phenomena relate to climate
and seasonal changes.
A significant advance in phenology has
been observed for agriculture and
forestry in large parts of the Northern
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agricult
Hemisphere.
Agricultural impact
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Agricultural impact
climate change could make it more
difficult to grow crops, raise animals,
and catch fish in the same ways and
same places as we have done in the
past.
The effects of climate change also
need to be considered along with
other evolving factors that affect
agricultural production, such as
changes in farming practices and
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impactstechnology.
Agricultural impact
Warmer temperatures may make many
crops grow more quickly, but warmer
temperatures could also reduce yields.
Crops tend to grow faster in warmer
conditions.
However, for some crops (such as
grains), faster growth reduces the
amount of time that seeds have to grow
and mature.
This can reduce yields (i.e., the amount
of crop produced from a given amount of
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/agriculture.html
land).
Agricultural impact
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/agriculture.html
Agricultural impact
Higher CO2 levels can increase yields. The
yields for some crops, like wheat and
soybeans, could increase by 30% or more
under a doubling of CO2concentrations. The
yields for other crops, such as corn, exhibit a
much smaller response (less than 10%
increase).
However, some factors may counteract these
potential increases in yield. For example, if
temperature exceeds a crop's optimal level or
if sufficient water and nutrients are not
available, yield increases may be reduced or
reversed.
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/agriculture.html
Agricultural impact
More extreme temperature and precipitation
can prevent crops from growing. Extreme
events, especially floods and droughts, can
harm crops and reduce yields. For example,
in 2008, the Mississippi River flooded just
before the harvest period for many crops,
causing an estimated loss of $8 billion for
farmers.
Dealing with drought could become a
challenge in areas where summer
temperatures are projected to increase and
precipitation is projected to decrease. As
water supplies are reduced, it may be more
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/agriculture.html
difficult to meet water demands.
Agricultural impact
Many weeds, pests and fungi thrive
under warmer temperatures, wetter
climates, and increased CO2 levels.
Currently, farmers spend more than $11
billion per year to fight weeds in the
United States.
The ranges of weeds and pests are likely
to expand northward. This would cause
new problems for farmers' crops
previously unexposed to these species.
Moreover, increased use of pesticides
and fungicides may negatively
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/agriculture.html
affect human health
Agricultural impact
The warmer atmospheric temperatures
observed over the past decades are
expected to lead to a more vigorous
hydrological cycle, including more extreme
rainfall events. Erosion and soil
degradation is more likely to occur.
Soil fertility would also be affected by global
warming. However, because the ratio of
carbon to nitrogen is a constant, a doubling of
carbon is likely to imply a higher storage
of nitrogen in soils as nitrates, thus providing
higher fertilizing elements for plants,
providing better yields. The average needs
for nitrogen could decrease, and give the
opportunity of changing often
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture
costly fertilization strategies.
Agricultural impact
Due to the extremes of climate that would
result, the increase in precipitations would
probably result in greater risks of erosion,
whilst at the same time providing soil with
better hydration, according to the intensity of
the rain.
The possible evolution of the organic
matter in the soil is a highly contested issue:
while the increase in the temperature would
induce a greater rate in the production
of minerals, lessening the soil organic matter
content, the atmospheric CO2 concentration
would tend to increase it
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture
Agricultural impact
Climate change may increase the amount
of arable land in high-latitude region by
reduction of the amount of frozen lands.
A 2005 study reports that temperature in
Siberia has increased three degree Celsius in
average since 1960 (much more than the rest
of the world).
However, reports about the impact of global
warming on Russian agriculture indicate
conflicting probable effects : while they
expect a northward extension of farmable
lands, they also warn of possible productivity
losses and increased risk of drought.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture
Agricultural impact
Sea levels are expected to get up to one
meter higher by 2100, though this
projection is disputed. A rise in the sea
level would result in an agricultural land
loss, in particular in areas such as South
East Asia
Erosion, submergence of shorelines,
salinity of the water table due to the
increased sea levels, could mainly affect
agriculture through inundation of lowlying lands
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture
Agricultural impact
Low lying areas such as Bangladesh,
India and Vietnam will experience major
loss of rice crop if sea levels rise as
expected by the end of the century.
Vietnam for example relies heavily on its
southern tip, where the Mekong Delta
lies, for rice planting.
Any rise in sea level of no more than a
meter will drown several km2 of rice
paddies, rendering Vietnam incapable of
producing its main staple and export of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture
Forest impact
Climate change is threatening the health of
forests around the world. As temperatures
rise, weather patterns and the availability
of water also change, altering the ability of
trees to survive.
Canada's forests cover almost half of the
country's landmass and make up 10 per cent
of the world's forest cover. Forests are a
crucial part of Canada's natural heritage,
wilderness areas and economy.
Although more carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere may encourage tree growth, the
negative impacts of climate change are
expected to far outweigh any benefits.
http://www.davidsuzuki.org/issues/climate-change/science/impacts/forest-
Forest impact
Although scientists predict an increase
in precipitation due to climate change,
it will likely not be sufficient to keep up
with increased evaporation from rising
summer temperatures.
This will lead to decreased soil
moisture, which will cause more
drought-resistant trees or grasslands
to displace existing forest ecosystems
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Forest impact
As hotter, drier summers increase
evaporation they will also increase the
risk of forest fires across most of
Canada, and increase the severity of
those fires.
According to the government of
Canada, both fire frequency in
Canada's boreal forest and total area
burned have increased over the last
20 to 40 years.
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Forest impact
Warmer temperatures are also expected to
expand the ranges and enhance the survival
rates of forest pests such as the spruce
budworm and the mountain pine beetle.
Infestations of the mountain pine beetle are
normally controlled by intense cold snaps in
the winter, but warmer winters have been one
factor enabling the infestation to grow into an
epidemic in British Columbia's Interior forests.
Over 50% of B.C.'s commercially valuable
pine timber has already been lost due to the
infestation of the mountain pine beetle.
http://www.davidsuzuki.org/issues/climate-change/science/impacts/forest-
Forest impact
Climate changes directly and indirectly
affect the growth and productivity of
forests: directly due to changes in
atmospheric carbon dioxide and
climate and indirectly through complex
interactions in forest ecosystems.
Climate also affects the frequency and
severity of many forest disturbances
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/forests.html
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http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/species/problems/climate_change/
http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/species/problems/climate_change/
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