Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
by
Pragyansri Pathi
Graduate student
Department of Chemical Engineering,
FAMU-FSU College of Engineering,FL-32310
Topics to be discussed
Solution of Differential equations
Power series method
y '' p( x) y ' q( x) y f ( x)
p(x) and q(x) are variable co-effecients.
Let
y am x m a0 a1 x a2 x 2 a3 x 3 ..........
m 0
so,
y , y ' , y ''
Examples
Example 1: Solve
y y0
Example 2: Solve
y 2 xy
Example 3: Solve
y y0
'
'
''
y am ( x x0 ) m a0 a1 ( x x0 ) a2 ( x x0 ) 2 ......
m 0
(1)
m 0
( x x0 ) m a0 a1 ( x x0 ) a2 ( x x0 ) 2 ......
x is the variable, the center x0, and the coefficients a0,a1,a2 are
real.
y am ( x x0 ) m a0 a1 ( x x0 ) a2 ( x x0 ) 2 ......
m 0
1
am 1
lim
m a
m
or
R 1
lim m am
Examples (Calculation of R)
n
nx
2 n1
Example 1:
Answer
(n 1)term
(n)term
(n 1) x n 1
As n,
2n2
(n 1) x
2 n 1
n
2.n
( n) x
(n 1) x
2.n
x
2
R2
( x 0) 2
The given series diverges for
( x 0) 2
Examples
Example 2:
Find the radius of convergence of the following
series,
n
n 0 n.2
Examples
Example 3:
Find the radius of convergence of the following
series,
xn
n 0
n 0
n
n
a
(
x
x
)
b
(
x
x
)
, with
n
n
a
a
an bn
then
R0
,for all n
Corollary
If
a ( x x ) 0,
n 0
Theorems (Contd)
(2) Termwise Differentiation
If
y an x n
n 0
is convergent, then
'
''
y
(
x
),
y
( x), etc
derivatives involving y(x) such as
If
an x
n 0
and
n
b
x
n
n 0
are convergent
Example
Lets try this
y ( x) xy ( x) y ( x) 0
''
'
BESSELS EQUATION.
BESSEL FUNCTIONS J(x)
Application
Heat conduction
Fluid flow
Vibrations
Electric fields
Bessels equation
Bessels differential equation is written as
x y xy ( x n ) y 0
2
''
'
or in standard form,
2
1
n
y '' y ' (1 2 ) y 0
x
x
p ( x) ' q( x)
f ( x)
y
y
y
r ( x)
r ( x)
r ( x)
''
y x r am x m
m 0
mr
a
x
m
m 0
Indical solution
r1 n(n 0)
r2 n
1
)
x
n
J n ( x) x 2 m n
m!( n m 1)!
m 0 2
Example
Compute
J 0 ( x)
Compute
J1 ( x)
y( x) c1.J n ( x) c2 .J n ( x)
d n
x J n ( x) x n J n1 ( x)
dx
d n
x J n ( x) x n J n1 ( x)
dx
n 1
n
(
x
J
( x))dx x n J n ( x) C
n 1
( x))dx x n J n ( x) C
J n1 ( x) J n1 ( x) 2.J n' ( x)
2.n
J n1 ( x) J n1 ( x) J n ( x)
x
2
J 1 ( x)
sin x
2
x
2
J 1 ( x)
cos x
2
x
Examples
Example : Using the properties of Bessels functions
compute,
1.
2.
3.
J 3 ( x)
2
(
x
J ( x))dx
2
J 3 ( x)
2