Weather is the condition

of the atmosphere in a
place for a short period
of time.
Climate is the average
weather condition of a
place for a longer period
of time.

Torrid Zone-------- Tropical Climate

( wet and dry seasons)
Temperate Zone Temperate
Climate(winter, spring, summer,fall)
Frigid Zone-------- Cold Climate
(very cold; snow all year)

altitude
latitude
rays of the sun
bodies of water
amount of rainfall
wind system
*

*Elevation

- The height of a place above sea level.

*The climate in higher places is cooler
than in lowlands.
*As height increases, air becomes thinner
or less dense (cant hold much heat)
*For every 1 000 ft increase in height, the
temperature drops by 3.5 C. ( 1 000 km
---- decrease of 7 C)
* Example: Baguio and Tagaytay

- the distance of a place North or

South of the equator.
The nearer the place is to the
equator, the hotter it is; the farther
the place is, the cooler it gets.
The equator receives direct
sunlight, thus the temperature in
places near it is high.

- The amount of sunlight a place

receives
Equator: direct rays from the sun (more
heat/radiation)
Temperate zone: slanting rays from the
sun (less heat)
North/South Pole: very little heat from
the sun

- Oceans, seas, and other bodies of water control the

earths temperature.
- Places near bodies of water are cooler than areas
surrounded by other land areas.
- Land absorbs and loses heat quickly, while water
absorbs and loses heat slowly.
Land Breeze (Night time) cold air comes from the
land
Sea Breeze (Day time) - cold air comes from the
water

 Tropical areas are hot, with monthly temperature

above 64.4 F or 18 C and they receive large
amount of rainfall.
Temperate zone, there are differences in
temperature and precipitation patterns. Winter can
be quite cold because of heavy snowfall with at
least one month, averaging below freezing point (3C or 26.6 F). The warmest month has an average
temperature of 50F or 10C.
Polar areas are extremely cold. They are quite dry
although water is abundant in the form of solid ice.

- Wind is moving air. It is formed by the

unequal heating of the Earths surface.
- The Philippines geographical location
contributes to its prevailing wind systems:
- a. Northeast Monsoon Hanging Amihan;
from Nov to March; blows from Siberia
towards the Philippines; brings the cold
temperature from northern
hemisphere(winter).

b. Southwest Monsoon Hanging Habagat; from June to

October; develops because of the cold air mass coming
from the south, Australia, where it is winter. This cold
front meets the warm front in the Philippines and causes
the rainy season in the western part of the country.
c. Trade Winds from March to early May; blows from the
North Pacific Ocean and reach the Philippines from the
east. It brings rain only to the eastern part of the country.

- Philippines is located in the Torrid Zone, with tropical

climate and also with:
* 4 types of climate :
Type 1- Two pronounced and 2 season: dry from
December to May, and wet from June to September (Ilocos,
Zambales, Central Luzon)
Type 2- No dry season with maximum rainfall in Dec to
Jan. (Catanduanes, Camarines Sur/Norte, Samar, Leyte,
eastern Mindanao)
Type 3- Short dry season that lasts only from 1 to 3
months with no very pronounced maximum rain period.
(Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Viscaya, Kalinga, Apayao,
Benguet, Ifugao)
Type 4- Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the
year. (Batanes, Northeastern Luzon, western part of
Camarines Sur/Norte, Albay, western Leyte)

* 2 seasons (wet and dry)

- The Philippines has very little changes in
temperature but there are great
changes in rainfall because of its topography.
* Climate Change- is a broader term that refers
to long term changes in climate, including
average temperature and precipitation.