Internal Combustion Engines

(ICE)
Syllabus
Office Hours (F416) Phone ext 5712
Objective of course

Apply engineering theory to diesel engine design

and operation.
Prepare for Motor section of USCG License Exam

6/11/2009

Tests Evaluations Class

participation
You will be evaluated on Exams, Homework
assignments (not all graded) Labs, and
class participation
Each week we will discuss an engineering
scenario, relating to engine operation or
design
Each week we will review USCG License
questions relating to the course material
Cruising vs. Parking

6/11/2009

Blackboard
Is everyone able to log into blackboard?
An Email will be sent out when updates are
carried out.
Interesting articles for discussion will be
posted in blackboard.
Students will be prompted on what to read
prior to class for discussion.

6/11/2009

Internal Combustion
Engine
The engines in which combustion of fuel takes
place inside the engine are called as internal
combustion engines or IC engines. The IC engines
comprises of the piston and cylinder arrangement
with suction and exhaust valves.
If the heat is added to an engine from an external
source then it would be an external combustion
engine
Give an example of each?

6/11/2009

Review of internal combustion

engine components
Cycles
Definitions
Events
Configuration of engine
Fuel type
Application
Speed
Specialty engines

6/11/2009

Bore diameter of cylinder

Stroke - two times crank throw

6/11/2009

Definitions
Top Dead Center (TDC)
Bottom Dead Center (BDC

6/23/2010

Displacement or swept volume = piston area x

stroke
piston area = (pi/4) bore squared

Displacement is not the total volume of the

cylinder, it is the volume of the area
displaced by the moving piston. The
clearance volume at the top of the cylinder
takes up the remaining volume inside the
combustion chamber.

6/11/2009

Compression ratio (rc)= V1/V2 = volume at BDC over volume at

TDC
Clearance volume = volume at TDC

How would you measure clearance volume?

What about ported engines? How do you
measure displacement?

6/11/2009

Stroke
180 degree rotation of crankshaft from
TDC to BDC or BDC to TDC for a given
cylinder (also equal to twice crank throw)
What is a square engine?
Why can large slow speed engines have
such long strokes?

6/11/2009

10

Cycle for Diesel Engines

2 cycle one power stroke per revolution
(one revolution = two strokes) hence 2
stroke engine
4 cycle one power stroke for 2 revolutions
(2 revolutions = 4 strokes) aka 4 stroke
engine
What does the camshaft do in an engine?
What is the camshaft speed of a 2 stroke
engine? 4 stroke engine?

6/11/2010

11

Event
intake, compression , power, exhaust (in
a 2 stroke cycle four events take place in
two strokes).
In a 4 stroke engine the events take place
in 4 strokes

Question: what keeps the engine rotating

when not on a power stroke?
Why are engines made in a V
configuration

6/11/2009

12

Classification

Spark or compression ignition (Otto Diesel)

Two or four stroke cycle
Configuration in line , Vee, Opposed Piston,
Boxer(flat), radial, rotary(not wankel),
wankel, W
Speed : RPM : slow, medium, high speed

MPS - Mean Piston Speed (ft/min)

stroke (feet) x RPM

=2x

Speed Factor = RPM x MPS/100,000

= 2 x stroke x RPM2/100,000
6/11/2010

13

RPM
Slow Speed
Medium
Speed

<300
3001000

High Speed
Super High
Speed

>1000

MPS
(ft/min)
12001600
16002000
20002400

Speed
Factor
1 to 3
3 to 9
9 to 27
27 to 81

How is piston speed related to engine speed?

All things being equal would an engine with a
longer or shorter stroke generate more torque?
6/11/2010

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Classification
Piston type trunk or crosshead
Fuel injection system (air obsolete,
solid/mechanical, electronic (common rail))
Combustion Air: Naturally aspirated,
turbocharged, blown
2 stroke exhaust - loop or uniflow scavenged
Fuel burned HFO(380),IFO(180), MDO, MGO
Piston action - single or double acting
Displacement, stroke/bore ratio

2 stroke slow speeds : short stroke approx 2.5 2.8

long stroke

3.2 3.4
super long stroke
4.0 - 4.2
6/11/2010
15

Questions

Why are slow speed engines also crosshead type

What engine system is most effected by engine
design trunk vs crosshead.
Which fuel has the most energy
HFO,IFO,MDO,MGO?
Which fuel is easiest to burn?
What additional cooling system do slow speed
engines usually have?
How is the lube oil system effected by engine
design slow speed crosshead vs med. Speed
trunk type?
6/20/10
16