Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
DYNAMICS
Fluid
dynamics
Fluid
dynamics
deals with fluid flow in motion.
deals with fluid flow in motion.
Hydrodynamics
Hydrodynamics
- deals with the dynamics of fluids, especially incompressible
- deals
with the dynamics of fluids, especially
fluids
in motion.
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
- concerned with studying the motiom
- concerned with studying the motiom
of air.
of air.
Characteristics
Characteristicsof
offluid
fluidflow
flow
1.1. laminar
laminaror
orturbulent
turbulent
2. Fluid dynamics
Streamline
Streamline
- Smooth flow
- Smooth flow
Rough flow
Rough flow
- Stormy weather
- Stormy weather
3.2. Compressible
Compressibleor
orIncompressible
Incompressible
4.3. Viscous
Viscousor
orNon-viscous
Non-viscous
5.4. Rotatinal
or or
Irrotational
Rotational
Irrotational
Flow rate, R
Flow rate, R
Amount of efficient coming out from an orifice per
unit time.
Amount
of efficient coming out from an orifice per
Mass Flux =
Mass/Time
time.
Mass Flux =unit
Mass/Time
Kg/sec , Slug/sec , G/sec
Kg/sec , Slug/sec , G/sec
R=V
R =t V
t
= AL = Av
= AL = Av
t
t
If,
Rk
;R=
;R=
Av
Av
R Av
A
1
2
V1 = V2
R1 = R2
A1V1 = A2V2
V1 = V2
R1 = R2
A1V1 = A2V2
R
v
1
v
Equation of continuity
A = v
A = v
Equation of continuity
SAMPLE PROBLEMS :
SAMPLE PROBLEMS :
1. Figure shows how a stream of H2O emerging from a faucet necks
1. Figure shows how a stream of H2O emerging from a faucet necks
down as it falls. The cross-sectional area A0=1.2cm 2 2and that of
down as it falls. The cross-sectional area A0=1.2cm and that of
A=.35cm2.2The two levels are separated by a vertical distance
A=.35cm . The two levels are separated by a vertical distance
h=45mm. At what rate does water flow from the tap? How long a
h=45mm. At what rate does water flow from the tap? How long a
time in minutes will it take to fill a 4 gallons capacity level?
time in minutes will it take to fill a 4 gallons capacity level?
R?
R?
1 2
v
h dy V0 y 1gt 2
R
Av
v
h dy V0 y 2 gt
A0
R
Av
t
A0
2
t
h
A
R1 R2
R1 R2
A1V1 A2V2
A1V1 A2V2
AV2 .35cm 22 (V2 )
V1 AV2 .35cm (V2 2 )
V1 A0 1.2cm 2
A0
1.2cm
V1 .2917V2
V1 .2917V2
V 22 V0 2
2 gh
V2 V022 2 gh
V2
V1
2 2 gh
V2 2 V
1 2 gh
2
2
V2
2 gh
2 .2917V2 2
V22 .2917V2 2 2 gh
V2 2 (.2917V2 ) 2 2(9.81m / s )( 4.5 x10 3m
)
V2 (.22917V2 ) 2 2(9.81m / s )(4.5 x10 3 m)
.9149V2 2 .8829m 2/ s
.9149V2 .8829m / s
.8829m 2 2/ s
V2
.8829m / s
V2
.9149
.9149
V2 .9824m / s
V2 .9824m / s
R1 R2
R1 R2
R A2V2
R A2V2
R .35cm3 (398.24cm / s )
R .35cm (98.24cm / s )
R 34.384cm 3 /3 s
R 34.384cm / s
3.785 L 1000cc
4 galx 3.785 Lx 1000cc 15140cc
4 galx 1gal
x 1L
15140cc
1gal
1L
v
R v
R t
t
v
t v
t R
R
15140cc
t
15140cc
t 34.384cc / s
34.384cc / s
t 440.321s
t 440.321s
or
or
7.34 min
7.34 min
; FLIFT WLOAD
W Fd Fh
P
; FLIFT WLOAD
t
t
t
D 9.7 x10 3m
t
t
t
D 9.7 x10 3 m
mgh vgh
h 2.90m
P
t
ghR
t
3
t
t
1000kg / m 3
1000kg / m
R Av
R Av
2
(9.7 x10 3 m
.3m / s )
3 ) (5
R (9.7 x10 m) 2 (5.3m / s )
R
4
43
3
m
4
3v
v
3
.
917
m
R 3.917 x10 4 m; v v 3.917 m3
R 3.917 x10 s t; t 1s
s t t 1s
P ghR
P ghR
1000kg
P 1000
(9.81m / s 2 )(2 2.9m)(3.917 x10 4 m4 3 /3s )
3 kg
P m 3 (9.81m / s )(2.9m)(3.917 x10 m / s )
m
kg.m m
P 11.143 kg
m
.m
P 11.143s 2 2 s
s
s
kg.m
N .m J
kg.m N .m J
s 2 2 s 2 2 s
s
s
s
P 11.143watts
P 11.143watts
BERNOULLIS PRINCIPLE
BERNOULLIS PRINCIPLE
Daniel Bernoulli (Swiss)
Daniel Bernoulli (Swiss)
F2=P2V2
F2=P2V2
h=h2h=h2h1
h1
F1=P1V1
F1=P1V1
F
P F
P A
A
P1 P2
P1 P2
F PA
F PA
F1 F2
F1 F2
V1 V2
V1 V2
m1 m 2
m1 m 2
m V
m V
W = W W
W = W W
KE = KE KE
KE = KE KE
PE= PE PE
PE= PE PE
KE = mV = VV
KE = mV = VV
PE = mgh = Vgh
PE = mgh = Vgh
W = Fd
W = KE + PE
W = Fd
W = KE + PE
=
W
W = KE KE1 + PE PE
=
W
W = KE KE1 + PE PE
PAd
PAd
W
=
PV
P
V
W
=
PV
P V P
PV
V==P
PV
VV
V- -P
PV
VV
V++PV
PVggh
h- -
PV
PVg
gh
h
P-P
P-P==PP( (VV-V
V) )++g
g(h-h)
(h-h)
Pressure
Pressure
Head
Head
11
PP VV
Velocity
Velocity
Head
Head
P = V
P = V
P = V
P = V
Elevation
Elevation
Head
Head
TORRICELLIS THEOREM
TORRICELLIS THEOREM
Evangelista Torricelli
Evangelista Torricelli
P1
P1
P1 = P2
P1 = P2
V1 = 0
V1 = 0
V1
V1
h1 =o
h1 =o
1 2
0 1v2 2 gh
0 2 v2 gh
2
11 2
ghgh v2v 2
22 2
22gh
ghvv2 2
P2
P2
Freefall
Freefall
SAMPLE PROBLEMS :
SAMPLE PROBLEMS :
1.A tank is filled with water to a height H. A hole is punch in one of
1.A tank is filled with water to a height H. A hole is punch in one of
the walls at a depth Y below the water surface. How far from the
the walls at a depth Y below the water surface. How far from the
base of the tank will the water strike.
base of the tank will the water strike.
0
V0
V0
H
V
H
y
V
d
yd
y
dx
dx
1 2
dy V0 y gt
1
2 gt 2
dy V0 y
dy H y 2
dy H y
V 2 gy
V 2 gy
V V0
V V0
1
H y 1gt 2 2
H y 2 gt
2
2( H y )
2
2( H y ) t 2
t
g
g
2( H y )
t
2( H y )
t
g
g
dx V0t
dx V0t
2( H y )
dx 2 gy
2( H y )
dx 2 gy g
g
dx 4 y ( H y )
dx 4 y ( H y )
dx 2 y ( H y )
dx 2 y ( H y )
LNDM