Basic of Operating System

and

DOS
Operating Systems
 A set of system software modules, which
coordinate and control the operation of computer
hardware and software resources.
 It performs basic tasks – recognizing input from
the keyboard, sending output to the display
screen, keeping track of files and directories etc.
 Some of the commonly used OS – Microsoft
Windows, Unix, Linux, DOS…
Functions of an OS
 Input/Output
 Command Interpreter
 Data Management
 Program Development Tools
 Time-sharing
 Security
 Communication
 Accounting
 Types of Operating System
Batch Operating System
During batch processing, similar jobs, which consist of
programs, data and system commands, have to be
grouped.
 Programs with large computation
 Ex. Payroll, statistical analysis, forecasting.

 Non-interactive environment
 Time taken is high
 Types of OS
Multiprogramming Operating System
It is the concurrent execution of two or more
processes.
 Multiprocessing, multitasking and multi-user OS.

Real-time System
A real-time OS responds to the input instantly.
 Ex. Flight control, military applications etc.
 MS-DOS
Microsoft Disk Operating System
Functions of MS-DOS
 Booting the Computer

 Interaction with application programs and

their control

 Interaction with Hardware

DOS Architecture
 BIOS (Basic Input Output System) – It is specific
to the individual computer and is provided by the
manufacturer of the system.

 DOS Kernel – The Kernel is a software supplied by

Microsoft that provides a collection of Microsoft independent
services called the system functions.

 Command Processor (Shell) – Shell is the user

interface to the operating system. It processes and executes
the user commands, including loading and executing of other
programs from the disk.
Commands
MS-DOS provides two types of commands-
 Internal Command – These are memory
resident command. These are automatically
loaded into the computer’s main memory during
the booting process.
 External Command – These are also called disk
resident commands. These are found in separate
file on the hard disk, so that they don’t consume
valuable memory space.
Internal Commands
 Date – displays date and promts to change.
Syntax - DATE[mm-dd-yy]
 Time- displays system time.
Syntax – TIME
 CLS – shows only the comand prompt.
Syntax – CLS
 VER- displays the MS-DOS version number.
Syntax - VER
Internal commands
 VOL
Syntax – VOL[drive]
 DIR – Disk Information Report
Syntax – DIR[drive:] [Path] [file name] [/P] [/W]
[/A[[:]attribute]] [/O sort order]

Switches
/P – displays one screen at a time
/W – displays in wide format
Internal Commands
/A attributes – H, -H, S, -S, D, -D, R, -R.
/O [:] Sort order – N, -N, E, -E, D, -D, S.
 COPY CON – to create file
Syntax – COPY CON<file name>
 MD or MK DIR – to create a directory
Syntax – MKDIR [drive:] path
MD [drive:] path
Internal command
 TYPE – displays the contents of a text file
Syntax – TYPE [drive:] [path] file name
 CD or CH DIR – displays name of the current
directory.
Syntax – CD [drive:] [path]
 DEL
Syntax – DEL [drive:] [path] [file name]/p
 RMDIR or RD- deletes or removes a directory.
Syntax – RMDIR [drive:] [path]
RD [drive:] [path]
Internal Command
 REN – to rename a file.
Syntax – RENAME [drive:] [path] filename1
filename2
 COPY
Syntax – Copy [/y:/-y] source file destination file
External Command
 CHKDSK
Syntax – CHKDSK [drive:] [[path] filename] [/F]
[/V]
 XCOPY
Syntax – Xcopy source destination [/y /-y]
 TREE
Syntax – TREE [drive:] [path] [/f]
External Command
 MOVE
Syntax – MOVE [/Y:/-Y] [drive:] [path] filename
 ATTRIB- changes attributes
Syntax – ATTRIB [+R –R] [+A –A] [+S –S] [+H
-H] [[drive:][path] filename]
 DOSKEY
Syntax - DOSKEY
External Command
 DELTREE
Syntax – DELTREE [/Y] [drive:] path
 FIND
Syntax – FIND [/V] [/C] [/N] [/I] “string”
[[drive:] [path] filename]
 DISKCOPY
Syntax – DISKCOPY [drive1: [drive:2]] [/1] [/V]
External Command
 PRINT
Syntax – PRINT [/D: device]
 FORMAT
Syntax – FORMAT drive:
 K YO U ! !
TH A N