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M E
I y R
When beam is subjected to non-uniform bending
in every case except when bending moment, M, constant along
length of uniform beam
dx
M + dM
V
dx
A
y
' dA dA (t dx) 0
A'
A'
M + dM
dx
----[1]
My
and
M dM y
'
I
M dM
M
y
dA
A ' I
A ' I y dA (t dx) 0
Expand first term:
M
dM
M
A ' I y dA A ' I y dA A ' I y dA (t dx) 0
dM
A ' I y dA (t dx) 0
A
'
I
1 dM
y dA
Rearranging to obtain :
A
'
It dx
Simplified further:
dM
dx
Hence:
VQ
It
Equation known as
the Shear Formula
VQ
It
V
Distribution of shear stress
throughout cross-section found by
determining shear stress at
arbitrary distance y from neutral
axis.
Q y A'
A
y
y
2
A' b
1 h
y y y
2 2
1 h
h
Q y y b y
2 2
2
h
2
h
2
b
1 h2
2
Q
y b
2 4
A
y
bh3
I
12
h
2
h
2
VQ
It
1 h
y 2 b
2 4
bh3
b
12
6V
3
bh
h2
4 y
h2
4 y
h
2
h
2
6V
bh3
max
h2
4 0
3V
2 bh
h
2
h
2
3V
2A
Worked Example 1
Beam shown made of wood.
Subjected to resultant internal
vertical shear force, V = 30
kN.
Dimensions in mm.
20
50
P
V
40
15
40
25
N .A .
25
I 416.7 10 9 m4
40
25
20
A
P
y
y = 15
N .A .
25
40
25
P 21.6 10 Pa
A
P
y
30 103 12 10 6
P
416.7 10 9 0.04
6
20
y = 15
N .A .
25
P 21.6 MPa
40
25
y = 1 2 .5
N .A .
3
25
Q 12.5 10 6 m3
40
VQ 30 10 12.5 10
It
416.7 10 9 0.04
25
A
y = 1 2 .5
N .A .
max 22.5 10 Pa
25
max
3V 3
30 10 3
22.5 10 6 Pa
2 A 2 0.04 0.05
Tutorial Questions
You can now attempt Q 1 - 4 on the tutorial sheet.
Ask if you need help.
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fla n g e s
w eb
w eb
p a r a b o la
fla n g e
avg
f la n g e
w eb
avg
p a r a b o la
fla n g e
A web
N
m
ax
ax
N
m
ax
b = 2h
N
m
ax
ax
ax
Worked Example 2
Steel wide-flange beam
has dimensions shown.
Subjected to shear
force
V = 80 kN.
Plot shear stress
distribution acting over
beams cross-sectional
area.
300 m m
20 m m
15 m m
200 m m
20 m m
distribution will be
parabolic and have
form shown.
Due to symmetry,
only shear stresses at
points B, B and C
needed.
Second moment of
area, I, will be same
for each position.
C
C
300 m m
240 m m
0.3 0.24
I
12
300 m m
20 m m
1 4 2 .5 m m
0.1425 0.2
2
12
1 4 2 .5 m m
15 m m
200 m m
20 m m
I = 155.6 x 10-6 m4
300 m m
20 m m
k
15 m m
200 m m
bh3
bh3
2
I
2
Ak
12
12
20 m m
0.3 0.02
0.015 0.2
2
I
2
0.3 0.02 0.11
12
12
I = 155.6 x 10-6 m4
B'
300 m m
20 m m
A
y = 11 0 m m
N
100 m m
VQ 80 103 0.66 10 3
It
155.6 10 6 0.3
It
155.6 10 6 0.015
300 m m
20 m m
A
y = 11 0 m m
N
100 m m
B 22.6 MPa
300 m m
A 1
y1
20 m m
A 2
15 m m
y2
N
100 m m
QC y1 A1 y2 A2
VQ 80 10 3 0.735 10 3
C
25.2 MPa
6
It
155.6 10 0.015
Shear Stresses in Beams
EN2701 Mechanics of Solids
2 2 .6
B
2 5 .2
B = 22.6 MPa
C = 25.2 MPa
1 .1 3
Tutorial Questions
You can now attempt Q 5 - 6 on the tutorial sheet.
Ask if you need help.
Help each other!
d2
A'
8
and
2d
3
d2 2d d3
Q y A'
8 3 12
N .A .
m ax
d4
For circular cross-section: I
64
Therefore: max
V d3 / 12
V/3
V/3
4
2
d d / 64 d / 16 A / 4
max
4V
3A
fla n g e
web
Results in equation:
VQ
q
I
(a )
(b )
(c )
(d )
(e )
Worked Example 3
180
15
40
280
40
12
12
12
I 264.2 10 6 m4
3
15
180
40
140
15
A
I
264.2 10 6
q = 34.3 kN/m
Shear flow per metre of length that must be carried by screws.
If screws are spaced a distance s apart load capacity of screws
is:
2F
s
F = load carried by one screw
2 because there are two lines of screws
2F
q
s
Rearranging:
2F
2 1100
0.0641 m
3
q 34.3 10
s = 64.1 mm
Therefore lines of screws must be no more than 64.1 mm apart.
Tutorial Questions
You can now attempt Q 7 - 9 on the tutorial sheet.
Ask if you need help.
Help each other!
Summary