Inverter Training

INVERTER-Y
TRAINING 2009
Inverter-Y Training 2009
TOPICS
Introduction to Y-Inverter
Control Algorithm
Troubleshooting
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
What is inverter ?
What are the advantages ?
Differences between Conventional &
Inverter A/C
Basics of Inverter Technology

INTRODUCTION
What is Inverter?
Electrical supply has fix frequency
Inverter type air conditioner have frequency changer

which can change the electrical frequency to control
the speed of the compressor
This in turn, can control the capacity accordingly
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
Enhanced room temperature comfort

- More precise room temperature control
- Temperature fluctuation is kept within 0.5C from set temperature
Conventional
Inverter
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
Less on / off cycle

Conventional compressor
Compressor capacity
Room temperature
control:
switching compressor
ON & OFF
Full capacity
Time
Compressor
capacity
Smooth ramp up
from zero to high
rotational speed
Inverter
Slow down
as
temperature
drops
Maintain room
temperature at low
speed
Room temperature
control:
Control compressor
rotational speed
smoothly
Time
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
Starting frequency
Compressor
frequency
(rps)
1.0 hp 68 rps
1.5 hp 74 rps
Max.
55
35
Target frequency
20
0
Time (min)
1 2
6
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
Fast cooling
Conventional
non-inverter
A/C
Inverter A/C
Room
temperature
Set temperature
Time
Quick
cooling
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
Low starting current

Running
current
Conventional A/C:
High starting current
Frequent on/off cycle
Inverter A/C:
Smooth operation
Hours of operation
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
Higher reliability
Less compressor start stop cycle

Longer compressor motor lifespan
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
Low energy consumption with superior efficiency
Frequency of supply current is varied according to load

requirements excellent efficiency
Range is between
0 68 rps (204 Hz) for 1.0 hp
0 74 rps (222 Hz) for 1.5 hp
Lowest operating frequency = 60 Hz
Resulting in significantly LESS compressor start/stop low

energy consumption
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
Protection
Additional software protection against
Over current
Over heating
INTRODUCTION
Differences Overview
Description
Inverter A/C
Outlook feature
Conventional A/C
Almost same
Controller
Variable
frequency control
Relay sequence
control
Compressor
Inverter 3-Phase
1 or 3-Phase
Frequency
0 ~ 204/222 Hz
50 or 60Hz
INTRODUCTION
Inverter-driven
Compressor
IPM (Inverter
Power Module)
Electronic Expansion
Valve (EXV)
INTRODUCTION
Power
supply
Rectifier
circuit
IPM
Compressor
Motor
Adjust capacity according to actual load by

Controlling the EXV opening
Controlling the refrigerant flow
INTRODUCTION
Inverter system block diagram
Energy
Source
Rectifying
Circuit
Inverter
Circuit
Control &
Protection
Circuitry
Compressor
Feedback
INTRODUCTION
Inverter drive power circuit
IN
U
V
W
Rectifier
Inverter
OUT
INTRODUCTION
What are Rectifier / Inverter?
Rectifier:
Rectifying with smoothing
Changing AC DC
Inverter:
Inverse transformation with P.W.M.
Changing DC AC
INTRODUCTION
Inverter drive power circuit - components
IN
U
V
W
Diode
Reactor
IPM(Inverter Module)
Electrolytic capacitor
OUT
INTRODUCTION
The system
Inverter Output
Frequency
Power supply
Input frequency
50Hz
u
t
Inverter
AC/DC
Rectifier
222 Hz
t1
DC/AC
Inverter
50 Hz
t
222 Hz
IPM
60 Hz
60 Hz
compressor
motor input
INTRODUCTION
Indoor PCB
INTRODUCTION
Outdoor PCB
CONTROL ALGORITHM
CONTROL ALGORITHM
Frequency Principle
The compressor is frequency-controlled during normal

operation. The target frequency is set based on
following parameters:
i) Outdoor ambient temperature
ii) Set temperature
iii) Room temperature
When the frequency increases, the rotation speed of

compressor increases resulting in an increased
refrigerant circulation, this lead to higher amount of
heat transfer and vice versa when frequency
decreases.
CONTROL ALGORITHM
Operating Modes
The system has 2 operating modes. The mode selection

is done in Inverter (indoor) controls.
The operating modes are:

Cool
Fan
CONTROL ALGORITHM
Function Cool Mode
When Tr >= Ts 1.5C

- Comp, ID Fan and OD Fan ON
When Tr <= Ts - 2C
- Comp and OD Fan OFF
- ID Fan remain ON
Tr = Room Temperature
Ts = Set Temperature
CONTROL ALGORITHM
Function Cool
Mode
At beginning of cooling operation, compressor

frequency will be increased smoothly to the target
frequency so that the room temperature is reduced.
When set temperature is achieved, operation
frequency will be reduced to stabilize the room
temperature.
CONTROL ALGORITHM
When will Compressor Stop?
When cooling load is too small, even with lowest
operation frequency and the room temperature still fall

below compressor cut off point, compressor will stop.
Compressor Capacity
Lowest Freq
Time
Tr <= Ts - 2C
Comp will stop
CONTROL ALGORITHM
Function - Fan Mode
Only High, Medium and Low fan speeds are allowed.

When changing cool mode to fan mode, the compressor
will stop and OD fan stops after 30s.
Compressor will only ON if the minimum stop time is > 3
minutes and the user change back to cool mode.
Fan speed will maintain same as during fan mode.
PROTECTION
Protection Control - Data Communication Error
Between Indoor and Outdoor
Master by outdoor unit.

Indoor controller board will transmit signal to outdoor
controller board every 0.5s. Outdoor unit will response to
indoor once the valid data is received.
Indoor
Acknowledge
Send Signal
Outdoor
PROTECTION
Protection Control - Data Communication Error
Between Indoor and Outdoor
If the data communication line between indoor and outdoor

occurs error for 15s continuously, compressor will
stop, OD fan stop after 30s. ID LED blinks error.
If the communication resumes after 15s, error code is clear
and compressor restarts after 3 minutes.
If the communication is not resume after 15s, unit unable to
restart and the error keep blinking.
PROTECTION
Indoor Coil Frost Prevention
Only available in cooling mode.

When the indoor coil temperature < 2C, the compressor
starts to drop the frequency.
This protection is activated when:
- Indoor coil temperature < 0C for more than 180s.
Compressor will stop, OD fan stop after 30s and indoor
fan can only run at super low fan speed.
The unit can only be restarted after 3 minutes.
When the indoor coil temperature >13C, the
compressor frequency will be reset based on the OD
ambient, room and set temperature.
PROTECTION
Input Current Control
No. Unit Capacity I1

1 1.0HP
9.5A
2 1.5HP
10A
I2
6.5A
7A
I3
5.5A
6A
PROTECTION
Input Current Control
When the input current for running compressor exceeds

I2, running frequency will be reduced by 1 step. If current
still exceeds I2, frequency will be reduced by another 1
step until total current falls between I2 and I3.
This protection is activated when the input current
exceeds I1 for 2 seconds. Compressor will stop and it is
considered total current overload.
If input current <I3, the compressor frequency is reset
based on the OD ambient, set and room temperature.
PROTECTION
Compressor Discharge
Temperature Control
PROTECTION
Compressor Discharge Temperature Control
If compressor discharge temperature >102C, running

frequency will be reduced by 1 step. If compressor
discharge temperature still >102C, frequency will be
reduced by another 1 step until temperature falls
between 99C and 90C.
This protection is activated when the compressor
discharge temperature > 110C. The compressor will
stop and considered trip.
If the compressor discharge temperature < 90C, the
compressor frequency will be reset based on the OD
ambient, set and room temperature.
PROTECTION
High Pressure Protection
PROTECTION
High Pressure Protection
The compressor frequency is adjusted depend on the

coil temperature.
This protection is activated when the outdoor coil
temperature > 64C, the compressor stop and OD fan
stop after 30s.
PROTECTION
IPM error
Protection on the IPM

IPM error is declared when;
i) Compressors motor peak current > 21A OR
ii) IPM temperature >100C OR
iii) IGBT peak current > 16A.
TROUBLESHOOTING
TROUBLESHOOTING
Fault display by indoor unit
When any error occurs, indoor LED display will keep blinking
LED blinks here
TROUBLESHOOTING
Fault diagnosis by remote controller
TIMER
CANCEL
button
Hold down ON TIMER CLR or

OFF TIMER CLR for 5 seconds
TROUBLESHOOTING
Fault diagnosis by remote controller
Press TIMER CANCER repeatedly until ID buzzer produces long

beep
The handset temperature display section will indicate the error code
Error
code
ID unit buzzer will produce long beep if the handset error code =
unit error
A short and two consecutive beeps is not the unit error
TROUBLESHOOTING
Fault diagnosis using outdoor 7-segment display
TROUBLESHOOTING
Fault diagnosis using outdoor 7-segment display
7-segment
display
When there is no
error, compressor
running frequency is
displayed, unit: rps
Flashes error code

when error occurs
TROUBLESHOOTING
Fault diagnosis stored last state error
Remove battery from remote controller

Replace battery again into remote controller
Press Mode & ON/OFF buttons together
Mode
button
ON/OFF
button
Press Mode button to 5:00
TIMER
CANCEL
button
TROUBLESHOOTING
Error Codes
Error code
A1
A3
A5
A6
C4
C9
E6
E7
E8
EA
F3
F6
H8
H9
J3
J6
L4
L5
P4
U0
U2
U4
UA
Error description
INDOOR PCB ERROR
DRAIN PUMP ABNORMAL
ANTIFREEZE
INDOOR FAN MOTOR ABNORMAL
INDOOR HEAT EXCHANGER THERMISTOR SHORT / OPEN
INDOOR ROOM THERMISTOR SHORT / OPEN
COMPRESSOR START-UP ERROR
OUTDOOR DC FAN MOTOR LOCK
AC INPUT OVER CURRENT
4 WAY VALVE ERROR
DISCHARGE PIPE OVERHEAT
HIGH PRESSURE PROTECTION
AC CURRENT SENSOR ERROR
OUTDOOR AIR THERMISTOR SHORT / OPEN
COMPRESSOR DISCHARGE PIPE THERMISTOR SHORT / OPEN / MISPLACED
OUTDOOR HEAT EXCHANGER THERMISTOR SHORT / OPEN
HEAT SINK OVERHEAT
IPM ERROR / IGBT ERROR
HEAT SINK THERMISTOR SHORT / OPEN
INSUFFICIENT GAS
DC VOLTAGE OUT OF RANGE
COMMUNICATION ERROR
INSTALLATION ERROR
TROUBLESHOOTING
Outdoor 7-segment display
Parameter
Parameter Description
Number
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
Compressor Actual Rotation

Compressor Target Rotation
DC Bus Voltage
Total Current (x10)
Outdoor Air Temperature
Outdoor Heat Exchanger Temperature
Compressor Discharge Temperature
Outdoor Heatsink Temperature
Indoor Air Temperature
Indoor Heat exchanger Temperature
EXV Opening
Press on the tact switch

Display parameter by flashing of 7-segment
Parameter 125, display as 25, follow by 01
Unit/ range
r/s
r/s
VDC
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
Pulse
TROUBLESHOOTING
Equipments
Digital clamp meter
AC CURRENT
RESISTANT
AC VOLTAGE
Digital multi-meter
Pressure gauge
TROUBLESHOOTING
Error C4 ID coil thermistor short / open
Remove the ID coil thermistor from PCB

Set digital multi-meter to ohm reading
Measure both terminals on the sensor using multi-meter test leads
The reading must comply with a particular temperature, refer Table 3
If the reading differs by 2C. It is acceptable
TROUBLESHOOTING
Resistance - temperature
At 25C
Resistance value: 10 k
TROUBLESHOOTING
Error C9 Room thermistor short / open
Sensor RTH201
1. Possibility low
2. Unit design with air opening at the
front panel to allow sufficient space for

air flow & measurement
3. 10 C < operating temp. < 40 C
Air intake gap for

room temperature
sensing
TROUBLESHOOTING
Error H9 OD air thermistor short / open
Error J3 Compressor discharge pipe thermistor
short / open / misplaced
Error J6 OD coil thermistor short / open
Share a same
connector
Connection to PCB
TROUBLESHOOTING
Error H9 OD air thermistor short / open
Thermistor
Remove the OD air thermistor from PCB

Measure both terminals on the sensor using multi-meter test leads.
TROUBLESHOOTING
Error J3 Compressor discharge pipe thermistor
short / open / misplaced
Thermistor
Remove the compressor discharge pipe thermistor from PCB

TROUBLESHOOTING
Error J6 OD coil thermistor short / open
Thermistor
Remove the OD coil thermistor from PCB

TROUBLESHOOTING
Error P4 Heat sink thermistor short / open
Remove the heat sink thermistor from PCB

TROUBLESHOOTING
Error E8 AC input over current
Set clamp meter to AC current

Clamp terminal 1 on the OD unit
terminal block
If the reading < 10 Amp. It is
acceptable
TROUBLESHOOTING
Error U2 DC voltage out of range
positive
lead (+)
negative
lead (-)
Set multi-meter to DC
voltage
Measure terminals 1 & 2 on
the OD unit terminal block
using multi-meter test leads
If the reading is within 220240 V. It is acceptable
TROUBLESHOOTING
Error F6 High pressure protection
Coil overload
Possible causes: coil dirty and air short circuit
Where a wall or other

obstacle is in the path of
outdoor units intake or
exhaust airflow
Follow this installation
guidelines to avoid air
short circuit
TROUBLESHOOTING
Error L5 IPM / IGBT error
Possible causes: over current or over heat

At start up: could be due to software
After running some time: could be due to over current or over heat
Heat sink
IPM
TROUBLESHOOTING
Error UO Insufficient gas
Check pressure reading at rated capacity
Press & hold
Connect pressure gauge to OD service valve

Press and hold on the ID ON/OFF button
Set to high fan mode and temperature at 16 C using remote controller
Under cooling mode:
For 1.0 hp: at 45 rps, the pressure reading should be between 125 150 psi
For 1.5 hp: at 65 rps, the pressure reading should be between 125 150 psi
TROUBLESHOOTING
Error U4 Communication error
Maximum communication wire length up to 30 meters
External interference or noise
Make sure the recommended type of wire is used
Check for loose connection
TROUBLESHOOTING
Error UA Installation error
Y5WMY10/15J
Y5SLY10/15D
Thank You
Q&A

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INVERTER-Y

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Basics of Inverter Technology

Electrical supply has fix frequency

Inverter type air conditioner have frequency changer

This in turn, can control the capacity accordingly

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Enhanced room temperature comfort

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Less on / off cycle

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Low starting current

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Less compressor start stop cycle

Longer compressor motor lifespan

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Low energy consumption with superior efficiency

Frequency of supply current is varied according to load

Lowest operating frequency = 60 Hz

Resulting in significantly LESS compressor start/stop low

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Adjust capacity according to actual load by

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009

The compressor is frequency-controlled during normal

When the frequency increases, the rotation speed of

Inverter-Y Training 2009

The system has 2 operating modes. The mode selection

The operating modes are:

Inverter-Y Training 2009

When Tr >= Ts 1.5C

Inverter-Y Training 2009

At beginning of cooling operation, compressor

Inverter-Y Training 2009

When cooling load is too small, even with lowest

operation frequency and the room temperature still fall

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Only High, Medium and Low fan speeds are allowed.

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Master by outdoor unit.

Inverter-Y Training 2009

If the data communication line between indoor and outdoor

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Only available in cooling mode.

Inverter-Y Training 2009

No. Unit Capacity I1

Inverter-Y Training 2009

When the input current for running compressor exceeds

Inverter-Y Training 2009

Inverter-Y Training 2009