Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Coverage
As the demand for service increases, system
designers are required to provide more channels
per unit coverage area.
Common techniques are Cell Splitting and
Sectoring
Cell Splitting increases the number of BS
deployed and allows an orderly growth of cellular
system.
Cell Sectoring uses directional antennas to
further control interference and frequency reuse.
Cell Splitting
Cell Splitting is a process of subdividing a
congested cell into smaller cells with
Their own BS
A corresponding reduction in antenna height
A corresponding reduction in transmitted power
Splitting the cells reduces the cell size thus more
number of cells have to be used.
More number of cells viz. more number of clusters
viz. more channels viz. higher capacity.
Cell Splitting allows a system to grow by replacing
large cells by small cells without changing the
channel allocation.
Cell Splitting
The cells are split to add channels with no
new and additional spectrum usage.
Depending on traffic patterns the smaller
cells may be activated/deactivated in order to
efficiently use cell reuse resources.
Capacity increase
Suppose a congested area is originally covered
by 5 Cells, each cell with 80 channels.
Capacity = 5 x 80 = 400 users
After cell splitting Rnew = R/2
Now if we have 24 cells.
New System Capacity = 24 x 80= 19200 users
Hence cell splitting provides a technique to
cater to more users without using extra
bandwidth ( extra cost for purchasing the
spectrum). Some BS HW cost would be there.
Cell Sectoring
As opposed to cell splitting, where D/R is
kept constant while decreasing R, sectoring
keeps R untouched and reduces D/R.
Capacity improvement is achieved by
reducing the number of cells per cluster, thus
increasing frequency reuse. However, it will
lead to higher interference which is taken
care-off by some means.
It is necessary to reduce the relative
interference without decreasing the
transmitter power.
Cell Sectoring
The CCI may be decreased by replacing the
single omni directional antenna by several
directional antennas, each radiating within a
specified sector.
The directional antenna transmits and
receives only a fraction of the total number of
co channel cells. Thus CCI is reduced.
A cell is normally partitioned into three 1200
sectors, four 900 sectors or six 600 sectors.
Increasing the number of sectors, CCI
reduces but increases number of handoffs.
Problem
13
14
15
Wireless Vision
To support wireless information exchange
between people and devices enabling Multimedia communication from any where in
the world using small handheld devices.
Smart homes containing intelligent electronic
devices that can interact with each other and
with internet to provide connectivity between
computers, phones and security monitoring
systems providing assisted living to elderly or
disabled peoples.
01/24/15
16
17
18
01/24/15
19
01/24/15
20
21
Technical Issues
01/24/15
22
23
24
25
Final Comments
Wireless communication seems to have a
bright future but wireless systems with mobile
users may not be able to compete with wired
networks in terms of data rates, reliability.
From the discussion it is clear that the
wireless vision is a distant goal with many
technical challenges to overcome.
26
01/24/15
27