Power Plant

Definition
A power station (also referred to as a
generating station, power plant, powerhouse or
generating plant) is an industrial facility for
the generation of electric power.
Hydraulic Energy / Thermal Energy -> Mechanical Energy -> Electrical Energy

Unit collection of Power Plant

There may be several units which are
described below
1.
Energy source (Heat, wind, water etc.)
2.
Turbine
3. Generator (a rotating machine that converts
mechanical power into electrical power by
creating relative motion between a magnetic
field and a conductor)

Types of Power Plant

1. On the Basis of Primary Source / Fuel
(a.) Nuclear Power Plants
(b.) Geothermal Power Plants
(c.) Fossil-Fuel Power Plants
(d.) Biomass-Fuelled Power Plants
(e.) Solar Thermal Power Plants

2.On the Basis of Prime Mover

(a.) Steam Turbine Power Plants
(b.) Gas Turbine Power Plants
(c.) Combined Cycle Power Plants
(d.) Internal combustion reciprocating engines are used for small
cogeneration plants likes - Hospitals, office buildings,
industrial plants, and other critical facilities.
(e.) Micro turbines, Stirling engine and internal combustion
reciprocating engines are low-cost solutions for using
opportunity fuels, such as landfill gas, digester gas from water
treatment plants and waste gas from oil production.

3. On the Basis of Duty

(a.) Base Load Power Plants

- Base Load Power Plants run nearly

continually to provide that component of system load that doesn't vary

during a day or week.

(b.) Peaking Power Plants - Peaking power plants meet the daily peak
load, which may only be for a one or two hours each day. While their
incremental operating cost is always higher than base load plants

(c.) Load Following Power Plants - Load following power plants can
economically follow the variations in the daily and weekly load, at lower
cost than peaking plants and with more flexibility than base load plants.

Performance Efficiencies

All thermal power plants produce waste heat

energy as a by product of the useful electrical
energy produced. The amount of waste heat
energy equals or exceeds the amount of energy
converted into useful electricity . Gas-fired
power plants can achieve 50% conversion
efficiency while coal and oil plants achieve
around 3049%.

Cooling Process / Cooling Tower

(a.) Water Cooled
(b.) Mechanical Induced
Draft Wet Cooling
(c.) Air Cooled

Natural draft wet cooling tower

(a.) Water Cooled - many nuclear power plants and large fossil
fuel-fired power plants use large hyperboloid chimney - like structures that
release the waste heat to the ambient atmosphere by the evaporation of water.

(b.) Mechanical Induced Draft Wet Cooling - Many power plants use
fans to provide air movement upward through down coming water, and are not
hyperboloid chimney-like structures.

(c.) Air Cooled In areas with restricted water use, a dry cooling tower or
directly air-cooled radiators may be necessary. These coolers have lower
efficiency and higher energy consumption to drive fans, compared to a typical
wet, evaporative cooling tower.

Thermal Power Plant

Thermal Power Plant

A thermal power station is a
power plant in which the
prime mover is steam
driven. Water is heated,
turns into steam and spins a
steam turbine which drives
an electrical generator. After
it passes through the turbine,
the steam is condensed in a
condenser and recycled to
where it was heated; this is
known as a Rankine cycle.
T S diagram of Rankine Cycle

Components of a Thermal Power Plant

1. Cooling tower
2. Cooling water pump

10. Steam Control valve

11. High pressure steam turbine

12. De aerator

3. transmission line (3-phase)

13. Feed water heater

4. Step-up transformer (3-phase)

14. Boiler steam drum

5. Electrical generator (3-phase)

15. Super heater

6. Low pressure steam turbine

16. Forced draught (draft) fan

7. Condensate pump

17. Re heater

18. Combustion air intake

19. Induced draught (draft) fan

8. Surface condenser
9. Intermediate pressure steam turbine

2.Nuclear Thermal Power Plant

The heat is produced by

fission in a nuclear
reactor (a light water
reactor). Directly or
indirectly, water vapour
(steam) is produced.
The pressurized steam is
then usually fed to a
multi-stage steam
turbine.

Nuclear Reactors

A nuclear reactor is a
device to initiate and
control a sustained
nuclear chain reaction.
The most common use
of nuclear reactors is for
the generation of
electric energy and for
the propulsion of ships.
The nuclear reactor is
the heart of the plant.

Hydraulic Power Plant / Hydroelectricity

The production of
electrical power through
the use of the
gravitational force of
falling or flowing water.
It is the most widely
used form of renewable
energy.

Generating Methods of Hydroelectricity

Conventional ( dams ) - Most hydroelectric power comes from

the potential energy of dammed water driving a water turbine and
generator.

Pumped-Storage - This method produces electricity to supply high

peak demands by moving water between reservoirs at different elevations.

Run-of-the-River -

Tide - A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean

Run of the river hydropower could provide

potential to drive the turbine.
water due to tides.

Underground - An underground power station makes use of a large

natural height difference between two waterways, such as a waterfall or
mountain lake.

Geothermal Power Plant

Geothermal electricity is
electricity generated
from geothermal energy.
Technologies in use
include dry steam power
plants, flash steam
power plants and binary
cycle power plants.

Types of Geothermal Power Plant

(1.) Dry Steam Power Plant -They directly use geothermal steam of 150C or
greater to turn turbines.

(2.) Flash Steam Power Plants - Flash steam plants pull deep, high-pressure
hot water into lower-pressure tanks and use the resulting flashed steam to drive
turbines. They require fluid temperatures of at least 180C, usually more.

(3.)Binary Cycle Power Plants - The moderately hot geothermal water is

passed by a secondary fluid with a much lower boiling point than water. This
causes the secondary fluid to flash vaporize, which then drives the turbines.

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Thank You
A Power Point Presentation By
Yogendra Singh Shekhawat
B. Tech, Mechanical Engineering