New structure in Deregulated Environment

Genco

Genco

Genco

Open access in
Transmission

Traders

Discom

Discom

Traders

Open access in

Customer

Distribution
Custome
r

Discom

Customer

These changes require the following:

1) Monitoring system wide information and
commands via data communication system
2) To send selected local information to control center,
customer, market participants.
3) Monitor critical real time information for taking
security related operation .
4) To support Power Trading and spot market.

4) Reliable and fast communications among IEDs (

Intelligent Electronic Devices viz Relays, Meters, Fault
recorders, RTUs etc.) for exchanging information and
change in settings as part of wide area protection
system .
5) Dissemination of billing and other related
calculations from Generation to Distribution for
to various agencies including information for DMS &
EMS.
7) To perform effective co-ordination through
communications , Communication Protocols used are
expected to be high speed ,reliable , fault tolerant and
intelligent enabled.

8) The Protocols are to be accomplished for both local

( LAN) and wide area communications (WAN).
9) The protocols should be thin, flexible and have
provisions for accommodating future requirements.
10) Safe , secured and reliable transmission of
information.
11) Protecting information network from Hacking &
misuse.

12. Information about the power system

gives the utility the strength to be more
successful and competitive in a free
market .
13.In this environment information
becomes a strategic requirement when
fast decisions are required.

Event Printer

HMI

Hard Copy Printer

Remote Center

Ethernet LAN

ER1000 Station Controller

Fault Analysis
Reyevo / SEL5601 / IPSCOM

Multifunction Meter

Argus

Duobias-M
Delta

Ohmega

Engineering Tool
ISAGRAPH

SEL-311C

M-3425

What is Protocol ?
When Intelligent Devices communicate with
each other, there needs to be a common set of
rules and instructions that each device follows.
A specific set of communication rules is called a
protocol.

* The diversity of Equipments and

Manufacturers lead to a increase
of Proprietary Protocols

 Computer

to Computer data
communication standards have been
developed over past few decades.
Well known model for this
purpose is the 7 Layer OSI ( Open
System Interconnection) reference
model.

This model provides encapsulation

of the relevant data with in a packet.
This model provide isolation of
application program from system
and media. But adds significant
overhead in processing power and
bandwidth utilisation.

OSI 7 Layer Model

7

Application

Presentation

55
4

Sessions
Transport
Network
Data link

3
2
1

Physical

Functionality of different layers

Application Layer: This provides the

interface and services that support user
application. Ex. E-mail, WWW, SMTP.
Presentation Layer: This layer responsible
for data encryption, data compression .Ex
JPG, MPEG etc
Sessions Layer: Responsible for setting up
the communication link and manages the
sessions. It could provide connection
oriented and connectionless services.

Functionality of different layers

Transportation Layer: Responsible for flow
control, Packet size, error free delivery with
proper sequence.
Network layer: Route determination takes
place in this layer. Translation of IP address to
physical address ( NIC) also takes place here.
Data link layer : Responsible for data
movement across the actual physical link.
Physical Layer: It defines the physical aspect
of how the cabling is hooked.

7 LAYER System X

System Y

Application

Presentation

Session

Peer communication Protocols

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Intermediate System A

Physical Media

Intermediate System B

Physical Media

Physical Media

 Due to addition of many layer

overhead and bandwidth goes
higher.
It is not suitable for SCADA
application.
Most of the Protocols follows
various flavours of
this model.

Need For Standards

* Protocol is a set of rules that governs how message containing
data and control information are assembled at a source for their
transmission across the network and then dissembled when they
reach their destination.
* The communication protocol allows two devices to communicate
with each other. Each device involved in the communication
must essentially support not only the same protocol but also the
same version of the protocol. Any differences involved in the
implementation of protocol at the either of ends will result in
the communication errors.

Proprietary Vs Open Protocols

* Protocol, used by the vendor, the utility is restricted to one supplier

for support and purchase of future devices. This presents a serious
problem.
Examples of Proprietary Protocols are SPA, K-Bus, VDEW etc.
* With the arrival of open systems concept , it is desired that devices
from one vendor be able to communicate with those of other
vendors i.e. devices should inter-operate . To achieve interoperability
one has to use industry standard open protocols.
Ex: IEC60870 -5-103,101,104, IEC61850,DNP,Modbus etc

Advantages of Open Protocols

* Migration to standard communication protocol is a very important
decision that leads to cost reduction and maximized flexibility
within the utility sector. Broadly benefits for the utilities are:
Availability of open system connectivity
> Vendor independence
> Reliable products at optimized costs
> Easily available knowledge and specification
Benefits drawn for vendors by standardization are:
> Lower costs of installation and maintenance
> A large market and thus opportunity to compete on price
performance instead of technical details only.
> Cost effective project implementation

Interoperability Vs Interchangeability

* Interoperability is the ability of two or more IEDs from same

vendor or different vendors to exchange information and uses
that information for correct co-operation.

* Interchangeability is the ability to replace the device the supplied

by one manufacturer with a device without making change to the
other elements in the system.

PROTOCOL STRUCTURE
7-Layer

3-Layer

Application

Application

Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link

Data Link

Physical

Physical

OSI

EPA

Network Technology mainly based on OSI (Open Syste

Interconnect) which is a 7 Layer model representing network
node by dividing tasks into layers that perform specific Funct

Application
Application

Logical Connection

Application

Presentation
Presentation

Presentation

Session

Session

Transport
Transport

Transport

Network
Network

Network

Data
Data Link
Link

Data Link

Physical

Physical
Physical Connection

OSI Seven Layer architecture

PROTOCOL STRUCTURE for IP based Open Protocols

IEC, DNP, UCA (and even MODBUS) standards are successfu

able to adopt TCP/IP based Ethernet based technology for
substation automation.
IEC 61850 (UCA2)
IEC 104

DNP3/TCP

Application
Presentation

TCP/UDP
IP
IEEE 802.1
IEEE 802.3

}TCP/IP
}Ethernet

Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical

Link Layer
Balanced Transmission
Request Message

Master

[P]

Slave

(User Data, Confirm Expected)

(Acknowledgment) [S]

Response Message
(User Data, Confirm Expected)

[P]

[S]

(Acknowledgment)
[P] = Primary Frame
[S] = Secondary Frame

Link Layer
Balanced Transmission

At the link layer, all devices are equal

Collision avoidance by one of the following:
Full duplex point to point connection (RS232 or four
wire RS485)
Designated master polls rest of slaves on network (two
wire RS485 and disable data link confirms in slaves)
Physical layer (CSMA/CD)

Link Layer
Unbalanced Transmission

Request Message

Master
[P]

Slave

(User Data, Confirm Expected)

(Acknowledgment)

[S]

Response Message
[P]

(Request User Data)

(Respond User Data or NACK)

[S]

[P] = Primary Frame

[S] = Secondary Frame

Link Layer
Unbalanced Transmission

Only Master device can transmit primary frames

Collision avoidance is not necessary since slave device
cannot initiate exchange, or retry failed messages
If the slave device responds with
NACK: requested data not available
the master will try again until it gets data, or a response
time-out occurs

Protocols used in Electrical utilities are

as follows:
1) Modbus / Profibus
2) DNP ( Distributed Network Protocol )
3) IEC 60870 series
4) UCA ( Utlity Communication
Architecture ) IEC 61850 series

MODBUS
Developed in the process-control industries by
MODICON , USA during 1976
- Application layer Protocol ( 7 th Layer of OSI )
- Extensively used in industrial environment
- Used in process bus of substation bay ( Relays )
- It operates on master slave type mode
- Slave node will not typically transmit data with
out a request from the master.

 It was originally designed as a simple way to

transfer data between controls and sensors
via RS-232 interfaces.
Modbus now supports other communication
media, including TCP/IP.
Modbus is now an open standard,
administered
by
the
Modbus-IDA
(www.modbus-ida.com).

Modbus and DNP3 Communication Protocols

Modbus and DNP are both byte-oriented protocols.

Modbus is an application layer protocol,
while DNP contains Application and Data Link Layers,
with a pseudo-transport layer.
Both protocols are widely used over a variety of
physical layers, including RS-232, RS-422, RS-485,
and TCP/IP.
Modbus has a separate specification for use over
TCP/IP (Modbus-TCP). With DNP, the protocol is
simply encapsulated within TCP/IP.

Distributed Network Protocol 3.0

Distributed Network Protocol ( DNP) was developed

by Harris, USA.
The Distributed Networking Protocol (DNP) was originally
developed by Westronic, Inc. (now GE Harris) in 1990.
The DNP 3.0 Basic 4 protocol specification document set
was released into the public domain in 1993, and
ownership of the protocol was given to the newly formed
DNP Users Group in October 1993.
DNP was specifically developed for use in Electrical Utility
SCADA Applications.
It is now the dominant protocol in electrical utility SCADA
systems, and is gaining popularity in other industries,
including Oil & Gas, Water, and Waste Water.

-In 1993 the responsibility for defining further

DNP specification was given to DNP user
Group.
- DNP is based on the earlier work of IEC TC 57
- It is based on Enhanced Performance
architecture ( EPA) model
- There are 4 core documents to define DNP 3

Emergence of Standard
DNP 3.0
Based on earlier work of IEC TC57
Developed by GE Harris
DNP
DNP3.0
3.0isisan
anopen
openprotocol
protocolthat
thatwas
wasdeveloped
developedtotoestablish
establishinteroperability
interoperability
between
betweenRTUs,
RTUs,IEDs
IEDs(Intelligent
(IntelligentElectronic
ElectronicDevices)
Devices)and
andmaster
masterstations.
stations.
DNP
DNPwas
waslargely
largelyinfluenced
influencedby
byNorth
Northand
andSouth
SouthAmerica,
America,together
togetherwith
withthe
the
African
Africanand
andAsian
Asianregions
regionsas
asIEC
IEC101
101was
wasfrom
fromthe
theEuropean
Europeancommunity.
community.

DNP 3.0 Structure

Three Layered Protocol (EPA)
Application (Layer 7)
Data Link

(Layer 2)

Physical

(Layer 1)

This
Thisstructure
structureisissimilar
similarto
toIEC.
IEC.However,
However,DNP3
DNP3enhances
enhancesEPA
EPAby
by
adding
addingaafourth
fourthlayer,
layer,aapseudo
pseudotransport
transportlayer
layerthat
thatallows
allowsfor
for
message
segmentation.
message segmentation.

Additional Pseudo Layer

In addition
Pseudo Transport Layer (Layer 4)

DNP
DNPintroduces
introducesaapseudo-transport
pseudo-transportlayer(OSI
layer(OSILayer
Layer4)
4)to
to
build
application
data
messages
larger
than
a
single
data
build application data messages larger than a single data
link
linkframe.
frame.In
Incase
caseof
ofIEC,
IEC,each
each101
101message
messageshould
shouldbe
be
contained
in
a
single
data
link
frame.
contained in a single data link frame.

Support Advance RTU functions

 DNP3 is an open, intelligent, robust, and efficient modern

SCADA protocol.
It can request and respond with multiple data types in single
messages,
segment messages into multiple frames to ensure excellent
error detection and recovery,
include only changed data in response messages,
assign priorities to data items and request data items
periodically based on their priority,
respond without request (unsolicited),
support time synchronization and a standard time format,
allow multiple masters and peer-to-peer operations,
and allow user definable objects including file transfer.
In 1994, the IEEE Power Engineering Societys Data
Acquisition, Monitoring and Control Subcommittee formed a
Task Force to review the communication protocols being used
between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) and Remote
Terminal Units (RTUs) in substations.

 The IEEE Task Force found a very confusing,

constantly changing environment that was increasing
the cost and time to completion of substation SCADA
systems.
The IEEE Task Force collected information on
approximately 140 protocols and compared them to a
list of communication protocol requirements.
This comparison resulted in a short list of protocols
that met most of the requirements.
This short list was balloted and two serial SCADA
protocols tied for being the most acceptable: IEC
60870-5-101 and DNP3.

 Structure of IEC 60870-5

Three Layered Protocol(EPA)
Application (Layer 7)
Data Link

(Layer 2)

Physical

(Layer 1)

For
ForTele
TeleControl
ControlSystem
Systemthat
thatrequire
requireparticularly
particularly

Why 3-Layered Structure of EPA

1) Short Reaction Time
2) Reduced Transmission Bandwidth

BW:
BW:Measure
Measureof
ofcapacity
capacityof
ofaatransmission
transmission
system.
system.Measured
Measuredin
inHertz.
Hertz.How
Howfast
fastdata
data

In
InDigital
Digitaldata
datatransmission,
transmission,BW
BWisisexpressed
expresse
as
asdata
dataspeed
speedin
inbits
bitsper
persecond.
second.Thus,
Thus,highe
high

can
canflow
flowon
onaagiven
giventransmission
transmissionpath.
path.

the
theBW,
BW,more
moredata
datacan
canbe
betransmitted.
transmitted.

 Purpose of 60870-5 Protocol

High Integrity

Correct
Correctdata
datashould
shouldreach
reachthe
thedestination
destination

Efficient Data Transmission

Protection Against Undetected
Transmission Errors

Without
WithoutLoss
Loss

DNP 3.0 and IEC 60870-5-101

Both DNP 3.0 and IEC 60870-5-101
Designed for Transmission of SCADA Data for
Electric Power System Control
Wide Market Acceptance
Intended for Use in SCADA Systems Using directly
Connected Serial Links

DNP 3.0 and IEC 60870-5-101

60870-5-101 and DNP Usage
Collection of Binary Data
Collection of Analog Data
Collection, freezing and Clearing of Counters

DNP 3.0 and IEC 60870-5-101

Time Synchronization
Time-Stamping Events
File Transfer
Unsolicited Events Reporting

IEC 60870-5 Series

It is bit serial communication
standards. The standard is optimised
for efficient and reliable transfer of
process data and commands to and
from geographically widespread
systems over low-speed (up to 64
kbps) fixed and dial-up connections.

IEC 60870-5-101
It deals the functionality for the
interoperability of telecontrol equipment of
different manufactures for the
communication between substations and
between substation and control centres .
IEC 60870-5-102 - This standard deals with
values of integrated totals which are
transmitted at periodic intervals to update
the energy interchanges between utilities or
between heavy industry and utilities.

IEC 60870-5-103 - This deals with

informative interface of protection
equipment .
IEC 60870-5-104 - This present a
combination of the application layer
of IEC 60870-5-101 and the transport
functions provided by a TCP/IP.

IEC 61850
This standard unifies UCA with
European standard. It aims to
design a communication system
that provides interoperability
between the functions to be
performed in a substation.

IEC 61107 :
This specifies hardware and protocol
specifications for local systems in
which a hand held unit is connected to
only one tariff device at a time. This
specifies hardware and protocol
specifications for local systems in
which a hand held unit is connected to
only one tariff device at a time.

1) IEC 61107 is essentially a protocol providing a means

to access (read and write) memory locations, without
telling anything about how those memory locations
should be filled with information.
2) IEC 61107 does neither say anything about the
format and the interpretation of the data.

3) IEC 61107, developed for the purposes of local

data exchange, does not follow the OSI model of layered
protocols and does not have the functions provided by these
layers. Therefore, although it is widely used over telephone
networks, it is only possible with some compromises.
4)

IEC 61107 lacks advanced security functions.

5) Consequently, for each new meter type, even from the

same manufacturer, a new device driver is required. Such
drivers carry information about where and how to find the
information and how to interpret it. The development of
device drivers has proven to be a lengthy and costly
exercise.

Communication - Interfaces & Protocols in Substation

*
*

Serial (RS232/RS485/RS422)
LAN (Ethernet)

Serial Protocols
*
*
*
*

IEC 60870-5-103 (Protection)

IEC 60870-5-101 (Tele Control)
DNP 3.0 (Protection, Monitoring & Metering)
Modbus RTU (Metering)

LAN Protocols
*
*
*
*

IEC 60870-5-104
DNP 3.0 over TCP/IP
MODBUS over Ethernet ( For Industries)
IEC 61850

Communication Protocols from Station Level Equipment.

Station Level
* Serial
* Ethernet

Station Level Protocol

* IEC 60870-5-101
* IEC 60870-5-104
* DNP 3.0 over TCP/IP
* Modbus over Ethernet / Serial

DNP 3.0
*

Supports Balanced Transmission Services

Supports
- Time Synchronization
- Time-stamped events
- Freeze/Clear Counters
- Select before operate
- Unsolicited Responses

IEC 870-5-101: Basic Telecontrol Tasks

Protocol Standard for the telecontrol of Electrical Power

Transmission Systems.
Permanent Directly Connected (Serial) Link between Telecontrol
stations.
Supports both Balanced/Unbalanced Transmissions
Frame Type FT1.2 (1 Byte Checksum error check)

IEC 60870-5-104
This protocol standard is developed to Provide Network
access for IEC 870-5-101
Application Layer remains same.
Does not use the Link Layer functions of IEC 870-5-101.
Some APCI (Application Protocol Control Information) Added
to 101 ASDU To suitable for network transportation

Modbus Over Ethernet / Serial

Modbus Over Ethernet protocol if useful in sending Modbus
messages on LAN / WAN network.
Additional of 6 Bytes as a MBAP Header to basic Modbus over
serial frame.
Slave Address byte of serial Modbus frame is replaced with
Unit Identifier.

IEC 870-5-103

Companion Standard for Interface of Protection Equipment's

Unbalanced Master Slave Serial Protocol.
Protective Relays Act as Slave Devices.
Station Controller as a Master.
Physical Interface may be RS232,RS485 (or) Fiber Optic.
Status indications,Measurement values, time-tagged events,
control commands and clock synchronization Can be
transferred between Master & Slave Devices .

Future ( IEC 61850 / UCA )

Standard for communication network and systems in Substation.
Intended to integrate
*
*
*
*

Protection System
Control System
Substation Field Devices
Interface to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition(SCADA) of
Control Center
* One of the most important features of IEC 61850 is that it covers
not only communication, but also qualitative properties of
engineering tools, measures for quality management, and
configuration management & Conformance testing.

Communication Standards Within the Substation

IEC 60870-1-103 / DNP 3.0

Modbus / IEC 61850

What to Expect from Vendor on Protocols in their Devices??

IEC-60870-5-103 protocol
* Communication Settings supported (Baudrate, Parity,
IED address range config.).
*Function Types supported (both Standard, Private).
*COT Supported.
*ASDU Type supported for each type of Tag or Parameter
or information.
*Information number (Standard, Private) for each parameter
or tag & description for the same.
*Any private ASDU ( ASDU 254,255 )implementation?
If so then details.
* Interoperability Table if any

DNP3.0 Protocol
* Details of Communication Interface supported.
* DNP Levels Supported.
* Data Scaling Range if any?
*Data Retrieval Method supported (unsolicited/polled
static/exception).
*Object Type & variations supported.
*Data Map (Index number ) of each parameter.

Modbus (RTU) Protocol

*Details of Communication Interface supported.
*Relay Address range supported.
*Function Types supported.
*Address range for each parameter.
*Data Type(16 bit(integer),32 bitz(long int), etc)
*Multiplication factors if any.
*Parameters type (Read only/read/write).

Typical Architecture of ERSA System

HMI # 1

HMI # 2

Remote Control Center

Ethernet LAN

ER 1000
400 & 220 kV Bay Control Units

Protective Relays

Tariff Meter

MV Architecture
Remote HMI
Local HMI

Station Controller

Modbus

Hardwired I/Os for protection and

Equipment Status

Bay Control & Protection Units

Multifunction Meters

ER 1000 Station Controller/Communication Gateway

Remote Control Center
Local HMI

ER 1000
DNP 3.0 / IEC 101 / IEC 104 / Modbus serial or Ethernet [ Slave components]

IEC 103 Master

IEC 60870-5-103 Slave

Components

DNP 3.0 Master

DNP 3.0 Slave

Components

Modbus Master

Modbus Slave
Components

Hardwired Analog/Digital I/Os

for protection and Equipment Status

Functionality's & Requirement of station Controller

Communication Gateway
Protocol Converter
Virtual RTU
Data Concentrator
Automation Unit
Wired I/Os
Open H/W architecture and OS
IEC 61131-3 compliant PLC programming
Highly modular and hence easily expandable
Superior architecture compared to a PC based architecture
Can work in any extreme environmental conditions

What is Simple Substation Control And Monitoring System????...

* Present the state and operational Details of the field equipment
in a user friendly manner through a powerful GUI
Control and monitor the field equipment, protection IEDs locally
or remotely
Inbuilt -Energy Management System with communicable
Multifunction Meters.
Report Generation (Hourly, Daily, monthly, yearly), Alarms
IED Parameterization, Disturbance Analysis.
Online Sequence of Time Tagged Events (Source / System Time
Stamp) printing and Event File Storing.

A simple relay based substation control

Local
Workstation

SOE Printer

Remote HMI
Ethernet/Dial
up

IEC 103

Serial to Fibre ER 10
Optic Converter

IEC 103

Modbus

ER 05
ER 10

RS 485/422 to RS
232 Converter

Multifunction
Meters

RTU

ER Relays

ER Relays

Modbus/RS485

Electric utilities were among the first

entities to embrace data telemetery.

Data telemetry was introduced for

monitoring , Control and Protection.
Development in communication,
Computer, introduction of Intelligent
Electronic Devices (IED) made
information collection easier.

Different manufacturers introduced

different rules for communicating and
exchanging information among their
intelligent devices.

This introduced barriers in

communicating with other device
manufactured by others.

IEC 62056 - Series

Data Exchange for
Meter Reading- Tariff
and Load control

1) 62056 covers all metering functions required

on the liberalised market. The functions are
modelled using metering domain specific interface
objects. This allows developing meters meeting
exactly customer needs, using standard building
blocks.
It also allows innovation and competition by
enhancing functionality in a standard way as
required while maintaining interoperability.
2) It ensures unique identification of all metering
equipment world-wide and unambiguous
identification of all data elements.

3) It ensures unambiguous interpretation of all

metering data.
4) It allows controlled and selective access by

various parties to application relevant data.

5) It provides various levels of security mechanisms

to control access to data depending on

authentication and access rights.

6) opens the way for exchanging data over various
communication media, as the meter data model is
independent of the communication protocol stack.

7) It brings interoperability, and therefore lowers costs,

as it is based on a standard data model and

internationally approved standard protocols.

Itallows developing a genuine driver, as the meter
describes the functions available and sends all
information necessary to interpret data. This allows
meter manufacturers and data collection system
providers to concentrate on the applications relevant
for their customers rather than on connectivity and
interfaces;
9) It comes complete with a conformance testing
scheme to guarantee interoperability.

IEC 60870-6, TASE.2

This deals with mechanism for
exchanging time-critical data
between control centres. In addition,
it provides support for device control,
general messaging and control of
programs at a remote control centre.

IEC 61970
This deals with CIM facilities for the
integration of EMS applications
developed independently by different
vendors, between entire EMS
systems developed independently, or
between an EMS system

IEC 62210
This deals with safety, security
and reliability of systems in
Electrical Utilities. The
deregulated market has
imposed new threats and safe
operation is essential in a
deregulated environment.

IEC 61400-25
This provides a standard for
interconnection of monitoring
and control systems for wind
power plants

IEC 62195 TR
This report deals with Electronic
communication in deregulated
markets and makes a clear
distinction between
communications for control of
energy systems and
communications for the market

IEC 61970 EMS

Market
Participant

EC, EDI

Control
Centre 2

ISO 9735

IEC 61968 DMS

Control Centre 1

IEC62210

Server

IEC60870-6(TASE.2),
DNP3,IEC60870-5-104
IEC60870-5-104,
IEC60870-5-101,
DNP3

IEC60870-5-104,
DNP3
Power
Plant

IEC60870-5-104,
IEC60870-5-101,
DNP3

Substation
IEC61850

Distribution,
Customer:
Metering
Billing
Substation

Possible trend in the near future

Ref: CIGRE report on Substation Automation

Market
Participant

IEC 61970 EMSEC, EDI

Control
Centre 2

ISO 9735

Server
IEC 61968 DMS
Control Centre 1
IEC62210

IEC60870-6(TASE.2)
IEC61850

IEC61850
IEC61850

Substation

IEC62056

IEC61850

Billing
Substation

Possible trend in the far future

Ref: CIGRE report on Substation
Automation

Power
Plant

Utility Control
Center
Network
Expansion
Planning

Network
Operation

Customer
Inquiry

IEC 61968
Compliant
Interface
Architecture

Meter
Reading &
Control

Substation Protection,
Monitoring, & Control

Maintenance
&
Construction

Operational
Planning &
Optimization

WG 14

RTU Communications

(ERP,
(ERP, Billing,
Billing, Energy
Trading, Other Systems)

Corporate
LAN

Distribution Automation

Records
& Asset
Management

Utility
Business
Systems

IEC TC57 Reference Architecture

Control centre

Protection

60870-5
-103
61850

61850

Metering

Physical
Device

Substation
Automation
Remote
Terminal
Unit

Substation

60870-6

60870-5
-101
61850

S
C
A
D
A

61970

61968

EMS
Application

DMS
Subsystem

Control Centre

Relevant IEC Standards

Technical Committee 57
Power system control and associated communications
Published
IEC 60870 Telecontrol equipment and systems
IEC 61334 Distribution Automation using Power Line Carrier
IEC TR 62210 Power system Control and associated Communications
Data and Communication security
IEC 61400-25 Communication for monitoring and control of Wind Power
plants.
TR 62195 Deregulated energy market communications
confirmed EDIFACT as a recommended standard for business
transactions
In progress
IEC 61850 Communication networks and systems in substations
IEC 61968 System Interfaces for Distribution Management
IEC 61970 Energy Management Systems Application Program Interfaces
IEC 62350 Communication systems for Distributed Energy Resources
IEC 62344 Hydro Electric Power Plants Communication for monitoring
and control.
.

Introduction
UCA

Brief Description about UCA 2.0

Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) launched a concept in 1990
known as the Utility Communication Architecture or UCA. The goal
behind UCA was to identify a suite of existing communication protocols
that could be easily mixed and matched, provide the foundation for the
functionality required to solve the utility enterprise communication
issues, and be extensible for the future. After some initial revisions, the
results of the project have been known as UCA 2.0. UCA 2.0 is
described in a technical report TR 1550 of the IEEE [2].

UCA2- SUBSTATION COMMUNICATION MODEL

Concept of 61850

Brief description about IEC 61850

The basis and the way of standardizing communications in IEC 61850 are
entirely new. IEC 61850 was developed from IEC 60870-5-x and UCA 2.0.
Comprehensive EPRI
project UCA 2.0
International Agreed Goals

IEC 61850

IEC 60870-5-101,
-103, -104

The goal of this standard IEC 61850 Communication networks and systems
in substations is to provide interoperability between the IEDs from different
suppliers or, more precisely, between functions to be performed in a
substation but residing in equipment (physical devices) from different
suppliers. Interchangeability is outside the scope of this standard, but the
objective of interchangeability will be supported following this standard.
Interoperability has the following levels for devices from different suppliers:
(1) The devices shall be connectable to a common bus with a common
protocol (syntax)
(2) The devices shall understand the information provided by other devices
(semantics)
(3) The devices shall perform together a common or joint function if

What does IEC 61850 achieve

Defines structure
for protection and
control

System
configuration

Standardised
language for
describing
substation

Communication
between
bay devices

IEC 61850

Standard
communication
with TCP - IP

Fault
records
in
Comtrad
e
format

Time
synchronisation
Based on
with SNTP
Ethernet
standard

Advantages in IEC 61850?

IEC 61850 is a global standard for

Communication Networks and Systems in Substations
It specifies an expandable data model and services
It does not block future development of functions
It specifies no protection or control functions
It supports free allocation of functions to devices
It is open for different system philosophies
It provides the Substation Configuration description Language (SCL)
It supports comprehensive consistent system definition and
engineering
It uses Ethernet and TCP/IP for communication
Provides the broad range of features of mainstream
communication
It is open for future new communication concepts

GOOSE ??

IEC 61850 GOOSE Principle

GOOSE
Receiver
Device Y
Ethernet

GOOSE
GOOSE
Sender
Sender
Device
DeviceXX

GOOSE message

A device sends information by Multicasting.

Only devices which are subscribers receive this message.
In the example, Receiver Z receives the message. Receiver Y is not a
subscriber.

GOOSE
GOOSE
Receiver
Receiver
Device
DeviceZZ

Difference of IEC 61850 and UCA 2.0 : fast messaging

GOOSE

Overtaking path for IEC

GOOSE
Ethernet Switch

Fast GOOSE

Normal
message

Buffer for Normal Message

IEC 61850 Key benefits

IEC 61850 is a definite step towards unified substation communication, compared to the
former IEC 60870-5-103, DNP3 and most proprietary protocols:

speed of exchanges: 100 Mbps instead of few 10kbps, enabling more data to be
exchanged or a better operation or maintenance of the system,

peer-to-peer links, replacing conventional wires with no extra hardware but and
permitting the design of innovative automation schemes,

client-server relations offering flexible solutions easy to upgrade compared to master

slave communications,

also

object oriented pre-defined names, creating a single vocabulary between users,

suppliers and suppliers devices therefore facilitating the system integration and
commissioning,
XML interfaces referencing the above objects for straightforward exchanges
between engineering tools in order to optimise the data consistency and minimise
project
lead times.

communication conformance tests that help reducing the variety of interpretation

found in many legacy protocols and leading to long integration tests and tuning.

IEC
61850
Based
SAS
Projects
PGCIL Maharanibagh GIS:
400 KV Switchyard with 5 bays (Two Main)
220 KV Switchyard with 7 bays (Two Main)
Separate SA systems for 400 and 200 kV Levels.
FAT completed in Dec. 2005

PGCIL Bhatapara:
400 KV Switchyard with 6 Diameters (1 Breaker)
220 KV Switchyard with 12 bays (Two Main +Transfer)
Common SA system for 400 and 220 kV Levels
FAT completed in Dec. 2005

PGCIL Raigarh:
400 KV Switchyard with 8 Diameters (1 Breaker)
220 KV Switchyard with 9 Bays (Two Main +Transfer)
Common SA system for 400 and 220 kV Levels
FAT completed in Jan. 2006

PGCIL Maharanibagh 400 kV S/S

IEC 60870-5-101
Laser Printer

Redundant HMI

DR WS

GPS Receiver

DMP
Gateway

IEC 61850 Redundant Ring network

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switch

REC 670

REL 670 Main I

Ethernet Switch
Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switch

REC 670

RET 670 Main I

REC 670

REC 670

REL 670
7SA522 Main II

REB 500 Main I

RET 670 Main II

REL 670
BBP Bay Units
Main I, Main II

Line x 2

REB 500 Main II

BBP Bay Units
Main I, Main II

Autotransformer x 2

BBP Bay Units

Main I, Main II

Bus Coupl. x 1

Auxiliaries

Busbar

PGCIL Maharanibagh 220 kV S/S

IEC 60870-5-101

Laser Printer
Redundant HMI

DR WS
DMP

Gateway

IEC 61850 Redundant Ring network

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switch

REC 670

REL 670 Main I

Ethernet Switch

Line x 4

Ethernet Switch

REC 670

7SA522 Main II

BBP Bay Unit

Ethernet Switch

REB 500

BBP Bay Unit

Autotransformer x 2
Bus Coupler x 1

Busbar