Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
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Introduction
WHO: 480 millions of human beings are suffering
from acute lack of water
day
46 000 m3 (0.02 %) is produced by means of
renweable energy
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Energy Requirements
Method
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kJ/kg
PR
Reserve Osmosis
30
77
Electrodialysis
50
46
63
37
102
25
125
19
175
13
186
12
204
11
251
4350
0.53
Solar Still
A well-designed
solar still can
produce 2 to 4
liters (or quarts)
of water per
square meter of
basin area
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Greenhouse-Integrated Stills
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Greenhouse-Integrated Stills
Solar still
o
o
Roof-integrated
Only partly light-transparent
Greenhouse
o
o
Lowered temperature
Less water demand
Production: 1 litre/m2day
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Multi-Effect Evaporation
Desalination
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Multi-Effect Evaporation
Desalination
Water production > 100 m3/day
Seawater evaporates stepwise by heat transfer
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Solar Multi-Effect
Humidification Unit
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Solar Multi-Effect
Humidification Unit
Development: Technical University of Munich
(1999)
Principle: the evaporation of water and the
condensation of steam to and from humid air,
that flows in a circuit driven by natural
convection between condenser and evaporator.
Pilot plant: Canary Islands, Spain, operating
since 1992
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m3/day
Heated seawater is flash-evaporated in
low-pressure chamber
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desalination technologies
The reject concentrate from the primary
desalination process provides make-up water to
the salinity gradient
Environmental issues:
Reusing the brine concentrate thereby negating the
need for disposal (zero discharge)
Pollution-free renewable energy for the desalting
process.
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Munich (1999)
Sections: pressurized section and an
ambient pressure section
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HumidificationDehumidification Desalination
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HumidificationDehumidification Desalination
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HumidificationDehumidification Desalination
1st step
Heating from 25C to 50C
Humidified to saturation (20 g/kg),
temperature decreases to 23C
15th step
Heating from 58C to 78C
Humidified to saturation (148 g/kg),
temperature decreases to 60C
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HumidificationDehumidification Desalination
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HumidificationDehumidification Desalination
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HumidificationDehumidification Desalination
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HumidificationDehumidification Desalination
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Vapor Compression
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Freezing Desalination
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Solar RO Desalination
The plant was designed and constructed in
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Solar RO Desalination
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Solar RO Desalination
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Conclusions-1
Solar Desalination is a cheap way to
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Conclusions-2
The preference of one solar desalination
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Location
Amount of water to be produced
Quality of water to be desalinated
Quality of water to be produced
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Thank you
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