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Topic 4.

1
Chromosomes, genes, alleles and
mutations

Question 1

Long

Explain the consequences of a base


substitution mutation with regard to
transcription and translation. Use sickle-cell
anaemia as an example.

Question 2

Short

Define the terms gene and gene mutation.

Topic 4.3

Theoretical Genetics

Question 1

Long

Describe the role of sex chromosomes in


the control of gender and inheritance of
hemophilia

Topic 4.4

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Question 1

Medium

Outline a basic technique for gene transfer.

Question 2

Long

Discuss the potential benefits and possible


harmful effects of one example of genetic
modification in a named organism

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