.

For 210 MW Unit at

Koradi.
FSSS

FURNACE

SAFEGUARD SUPERVISORY

SYSTEM

FSSS SYSTEM
1. CLASS ROOM SESSION
UNDERSTANDING BASIC CONCEPTS & LOGICS
OF FUEL FIRING.
2. SITE VISITPRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM.
FUEL FIRING EQUIPMENTS,CONTROL DESK
(operation of equipments), RELAY
PANELS,ALARM & INDICATION .

FURNACE
1. CONSTRUCTION
2.OPERATION
3.MAINTENANCE
4.INTERLOCK & PROTECTION(LOGICS & CONCEPTS.)

Furnace associated
terminologies
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Hanging Structure.
Elevation- AB,CD,EF & Corner- 1,2,3,4.
Wind box-A/B.
Scanner fans- Auxiliary Dampers
Burner Tilt- 13 Compartments.
Tangential fuel firing systemFire ball at the centre
g. Ignitersh. Fuel System- FO, LDO, Oil guns,
Hydro motor valves.
Instrument air & Service air system
i. Soot blowing system.

BOILER
CONSTRUCTION- Mechanical
AUXILLIARIES Associated with
( Interlocks & Protections of
auxiliaries)
OPERATION & Control of Boiler.
FUEL FIRING SYSTEMEquipments & Control
system-(FSSS)

FUEL FIRING EQUIPMENTS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS & THEIR

CONSTRUCTION
CONCEPTS & LOGICS INVOLVED IN FUEL
FIRING SYSTEM
INTERLOCKS & PROTECTIONS INVOLVED
SEQUENCE OF OPERATING FUEL SYSTEM.

EFFECTIVE FUEL FIRING

MEANS
PROPER COMBUSTION

FURNACE HAZARDSEXPLOSION --

IMPLOSION

NFPA 85-The National Fire Protection

Association (NFPA) codes, such as
NFPA 85: Boiler and Combustion Systems
Hazards Code are dedicated to fire and
furnace explosion and implosion protection

 For proper combustion of fuel in the

furnace , adequate supply of air must
be supplied and intimately mixed with
a supply of combustible material
( FUEL ) which has been presented in
the correct condition.
HOW TO AVOID?
Boiler Furnace explosion may be
avoided by timely purging and
stoppage of leakage of fuel oil in
furnace.

Practical means of avoiding furnace explosion is

the prevention of an explosive accumulation

Furnace explosion is rare, but very

severe in nature. This situation exists
because furnace is supplied with
explosive accumulation.
Just a minute part of those explosive
charges receive sufficient ignition
energy to actually cause an explosion.
The Furnace explosion requires both
sufficient explosive accumulation and
sufficient energy for ignition

CAUSE OF EXPLOSION- FURNACE

PRESSURE Why to maintain furnace pressure ?

Furnace Pressure is one such very important

parameter, which needs continuous control,
protection & monitoring. This is very important
from safety of the boiler.
In case of very low and very high pressure, the
furnace may subject to explosion and implosion,
which may result in Boiler Structure and pressure
parts, tubes damage and furnace deformation.
Explosion Factor = (Mass/Furnace Volume) x
Composition Change/Elapsed Time)

The furnace explosion occurs due to:

a) Improper purging of the furnace and air.

b) Inadequate ignition procedures.
c) Maintaining fuel supply for too long a
period without establishing combustion.
d) Re-lighting burners too soon after previous
flame out.
e) Introduction of main fuel without ensuring
adequate ignition energy.

FURNACE IMPLOSION

CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH FURNACE IMPLOSION WILL

OCCUR 1)Boilers with both induced and forced draft fans may
become unbalanced especially if the forced draft unit
becomes tripped and the induced fan unit remains in full
operation.
The induced draft fan will produce an excessive draft in the
furnace and create the real likelihood of furnace implosion.
Negative pressure excursion of sufficient magnitude to
cause structural damage.
Incase of ID Fan is capable of producing more suction head
than the boiler structure is capable of withstanding.
Control malfunction and / or operator error, establish such
conditions.

 2) The other process called flame

collapse or flameout effect. The
negative pressure excursion
following a fuel trip and loss of
furnace flame, in order to realistically
evaluate pit falls and prevention
techniques

CONDITIONS FOR PROPER

COMBUTION OF FUEL
It is the purpose of the burner to present the fuel in
suitable condition for proper combustion.
Generally this means atomizing the fuel and giving it some
axial (for penetration) and angular (for mixing) velocity.
For effective atomization the viscosity of the fuel is critical.
For fuels heavier than gas or diesel oils some degree of
heating is required.
It should be noted that the temperature of the fuel should
not be allowed to raise too high as this can not only cause
problem with fuel booster pumps but also can cause flame
instability due to premature excessive gasification.
The smaller the droplet size the greater the surface
areas/volume ratio is, this increases evaporation, heating
and combustion rate.

DIAGRAM OF HOW THE FUEL BURNS

INSIDE THE FURNACE?

TYPE OF FUELLDO (LIGHT DIESEL OIL )

FO (FURNACE OIL )
PULVARISED COAL
Equipments involved1.IGNITORTRIP VALVES, HEA IGNOTOR ASSEMBLYSPARK ROD * SPARK TIP

EXCITATION TRANSFORMER. & CKT.

IGNITOR AIR FANSFOR PROVIDING COOLING AIR TO IGNITOR TIP

2.OIL GUNS TRIP VALVESOIL HYDROMOTOR VALVESPNEUMATIC VALVES

ATOMISING VALVES SCAVENGE VALVES-

STEAM & AIR

3.PULVARISED COAL COAL MILL- Ignition Energy availability

condition.

COAL FEEDER- To regulate amount of

coal input in the Furnace.

HAG & COLD AIR DAMPER

4.AIR SYSTEM13 COMPARMENTS

WINDBOX TO FURNACE
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
MONITORING.

AUXILLIARY AIR DAMPERSModulating to control AIR flow

5.FLAME MONITORING
SYSTEM BURNER TILTSTo maintain temp.& Keep fire ball at centre.
SCANNERSFlame scanners used to sense flame in
boiler to detect flame failure to avoid
boiler furnace
Explosion.
Flame Scanners & Fire ball scanners.

6.SCANNER System SCANNER LOGIC IGNITION ENERGY

FLAME FAILURE TRIPPING

Flame intensity

How the Fuel is Fired in Furnace?

Coal firing

FSSS System
Furnace safeguard supervisory
system
This system supervises the Furnace operations,
controls process parameters & Protects the
Furnace under abnormal operating conditions.
The functions of FSSS mainly include:
1. To Safe guard the Furnace against
Abnormal
operating conditions.
2. To Supervise the condition of furnace
during fuel firing .

INTRODUCTION
Furnace

safeguard

supervisory

system

popularly

called

FSSS

continuously monitors the operations related to fuel admission and some

other vital parameters to ensure safety of the Boiler.
Generally furnace oil or any kind of fuel is susceptible to explosion
hazards. Majority of explosion occurs during start up, shut down and low
load operations. There are many steps that must be followed by the
operator to admit a fuel in to the furnace safely and properly. In high
capacity boilers, where fuel input rate is very high major furnace
explosions can result from the ignition of un-burnt fuel accumulated in
the first one or two seconds. Human reaction time to such situations is
inadequate. So there a proper burner management system called as FSSS
is installed in the Boilers. Every operation related to fuel admission is
accomplished through FSSS

Advantages of FSSS system

a.

Continuously monitors the operations related to

fuel admission & vital parameters, to ensure safety of
boiler.

b. Every fuel is susceptible to Explosion hazards.

Majority of explosions occurs during start-up,

plan Shut-down, & Low load conditions.
c. Boiler operator has to take many important &
sequential steps to admit fuel in the furnace,
safely & properly . If it is left to the judgment of
the operator, then high probability of error will be
involved. This system helps to reduce the error.
D Accuracy of Ignition energy is an important factor
for proper combustion of fuel.
E System logics allows / Dis allows fuel admission in
the furnace by monitoring furnace condition.

Monitoring OF processes parameter

Control & Protection OF processes parameter
whenever IT deviates from its normal value.

System logics senses dangerous situations &

does not allow Fuel admission in such
situations &
thus protects the furnace, if reqd, by giving
trip
commands to boiler.
What is meant by Boiler trip ???

Every type of Fuel is cut-off from the Furnace .

NO Flame condition is established..

FSSS System consists of

-- Hardware & Software .

Hardware

Panels in control room - Consists of Relays, Timers.

Control Desk--

-For operation of fuel firing equipments.

(For Monitoring & Control of parameters

ndication & Alarm system.

For alertness & actions.

FSSS Panels lay-out :- (For Relay based system )

UNIT
UNIT
PANEL- 1 PANEL-2

AB
Elevatio
n

CD
EF
Elevatio Elevation
n

Coal mill Coal mill

A
B

Coal
Coal
mill C mill
D

Coal mill
E & F

Software--

Electrical drawings-

Supply system---220 V DC & 110 V AC

(Logic Diagrams. )

1) 110 v ac FROM IPDB ( Instrument panel distribution board.)

used for relay logic system.

2) 220 V DC FROM DCDB ( DC distribution board),

for relay logics & TRIPPING Logic.

3)

24 V DC for Indication supply. (Console indications)

What are the Abnormal operating conditions ?

Flame failure,

Furnace pressure inadequate-High / Low.

Loss of fuel.

Air flow less than 30%.

Sudden tube leakage.

firing ?
Flame
scanners.

condition

monitoring

by

flame

Total air flow monitoring.

Furnace pressure.( Negative )
Secondary Air flow ( Wind box to Furnace
DP )

Oil pressure & Feeder speed.

Oxygen % in flue gas.

Drum level

Feed flow & Steam flow.

Which are the Auxiliary system associated

with Furnace?

Air flow system. ( Primary & Secondary )

Oil flow system :- (Light oil & Heavy oil )

Coal feeding system.

Feed Water system.

Any Negative Impact on these systems

will
affect the working of Furnace.

Interlocks &
provided
for safe working-

Protections

What is meant by
Interlocks & Protections ?

are

PA fans are used to provide primary air.

Hot air takes coal as fuel from mill to furnace at

all
the elevations. This requires sufficient Header
Pr.
If the Header pr. Drops to certain level ,then we
need
to trip lower mills. Reasons for pr. Drop will be
confirmed, corrective actions will be taken to
restore
the header pr. to normal value. If it is due to
tripping
of PA Fans , then it will be difficult to run
furnace.
So Boiler will be tripped.

FD Fans are used to provide secondary air.

This air is used to help complete
combustion of
fuel.& maintain Tangential Firing ,to keep
fire
ball at the centre.
DP is maintained between Windbox to
Furnace.
Secondary air also helps to maintain
Furnace
Draft.
If FD Fan trips ,due to any reason,then
interlock

2.

Oil flow system :- (Light oil & Heavy oil )

Light oil is used during initial light-up of furnace,

to bring Sufficient ignition temp.for firing Heavy
oil.
Light oil fuel flow & Temp adequate are the
required conditions, used as interlocks.
Heavy oil is used, to bring Sufficient ignition
temp.
for firing Coal .Naturally Heavy oil Temp
adequate
is the required condition, used as interlock.
Four guns are used at each elevation. When-ever
guns are working properly,Ignition permit is
given to fire coal as fuel, as it brings the ignition
temp. for coal to burn completely.

3. Coal feeding system.:Pulvariser ready condition is reqd.

Conditions reqd for Pulvariser ready:Pulv. Outlet temp not high,
open.
Tramp iron valve open,

cold air valve

seal air valve open.

feeder start permissive, NO PA trip, NO

pulv.stop.
Pulv. discharge valve open.

Hot air gate to be open.

( Proper opening of hot & cold air
dampers )

Coal feeder need to start.

Feeder speed to raised as per
requirement
of load.

4.

Feed Water system. :-

Low load line valves operative.

Main line valves operative

ELP & BFP ready to start.

Drum level auto control healthy.

Drum level Protection in service.

PURGE READY INTERLOCK

FOR

BOILER:-

CONDITIONS REQD.:All Heavy /Light oil valve closed.

Flame scanners indicate NO Flame
All feeders off/ All pulverisers off.
No boiler trip
All HAG closed
All aux.dampers modulating.

Major FSSS INTERLOCKS:Elevation load < 30 %.

Loss of AC at any elevation in service.
Loss of DC Supply for > 2 secs.
{ unit trips while restoring the DC supply. )
Heavy oil temp. adequate.
Burner tilt horizontal
Air flow less than 40 %.
Drum level high / low.
ID /FD fan off.

Heavy oil supply pressure adequate.

Limit switch contact for Trip valve open.
LDO fuel supply pressure adequate.
LDO header pressure low.
Atomising air / Steam pressure low.
.Aux. air dampers modulating.
Scanner fan ON
.HOTV valve open
PA pressure low

FD / PA trip.
Pulv / Feeder ON
Seal air valve open
Pulv.outlet temp high.
Hot air gate open.
Scanners show FLAME
OIL valve open,Atomising
open.

valve

Boiler
protections :S.N.

Boiler Trippings

Effects.

Drum level very high. To prevent Entry of wet

steam in Turbine,

2.

Drum level very low.

To avoid boiler starvation

Furnace draft
inadequate
(V.High /V. low )

To safeguard furnace
from excessive stresses.

Total air flow & boiler To ensure sufficient air for

load less than 30 %. combustion during start
up activity.

Flame failure trip

To avoid admission of coal

when sufficient ignition
energy is not available.

Flame failure trip

To avoid admission of coal

when sufficient ignition
energy is not available.

Loss of all fuel trip.

To ensure re-admission of
fuel only after furnace is
Purged.

Both ID trips.

No means of driving out flue

gases to avoid operation of
furnace in such situations.

Both FD trips.

No supply of air for

combustion.

Loss of supply to FSSS

logic system

To prevent boiler operation ,if

safeguard system is not
functioning.

Mannual trip Push

buttons pressed.

For manual trip when-ever

reqd.

Turbine trip

Interlock tripping.

Furnace temp. very

high

Excessive heating of reheater

tubes.May cause tube failure.

Implosion damper open To prevent development of

excessive ve pressure in the
furnace.

FUEL FIRING ACTIVITY

START & STOP.
(LIGHT UP & WITHDRAWAL OF UNIT)
FIRE KILLING OPERATIONUNIT WITHDRAWAL ACTIVITIES

WHICH ARE LIGHT UP ACTIVITIES ?

PURGING,Purging is done to clean furnace from combustible gases by running

ID Fan and FD Fan at atleast 30% load for 5 minutes to avoid Furnace
explosion.

OPENING OF TRIP VALVES,

MONITORING OF OIL PRESSURE & ,FLOW,
ATOMISING MEDIUM HEADER PRESSURE.
AUXILLIARY AIR CONTROL SYSTEM,
WIND BOX TO FURNACEDIFFERENTIAL
PRESSURE..
Firing of ignitors
Taking of LDO oil gunsOPENING OF OIL VALVES,ATOMISING VALVES.,

CHECKING STABILITY OF FLAME

SCANNERS.
MONITORING FURNACE TEMP,
PROVING HIGHER ELEVATION OIL
GUNS.
DEVELOPING REQUIRED DRUM
PRESSURE FOR ROLLING PURPOSE.
COAL MILLS,COAL FEEDERS,HAG &
DAMPERS CONTROLS

Light up Activities Preparedness

FURNACE PURGE:Furnace purge is required after a boiler trip out, before
relighting the boiler to expel all unburnt full particles, vapor
etc, form the boiler so that when
spark is introduced during light up, possibility of explosion
are avoided.

FSSS ensure a proper furnace purge in following manner:Purge Ready signal when appear only when following
conditions are fulfilled.
110V AC and 220V DC supply to FSSS panel is switch on.

Boiler Drum water level normal.

At least one ID and one FD fan running.

Establish 30% full load air flow as seen in total air flow
recorder.

Igniter trip valve closed.

Warm up trip valve closed.

Heavy oil trip valve closed.

All igniter valves closed.

All warm up and oil gun valve closed.

 All auxiliary air damper modulating to maintain air flow can

adequate wind box to furnace differential processing?

All coal mills off.

All raw coal feeders off.

All flame scanners show no flame.

All mill hot air gates closed and cold air damper are less than
5

degree open.
No boiler trip command.

When above conditions are met, signal purge ready will

disappear, even during purging process. When signal purge ready
appears, press button push to purge after the expiry of purging
time signal purge complete appears.

LIGHTING UP WARM UP
ELEVATION
Now we are ready for Boiler light up.
a) Lighting up warm up elevation AB
Elevation AB has capability to be used for either burning light oil
or heavy oil. So select light oil on the consol for AB elevation ensure
warm up oil tips are provided is guns of that particular elevation.
b) I]

Igniter trip valve:

Press igniter trip valve open push button igniter trip valve oil
open provided the following condition are fulfilled.
Igniter oil supply pressure adequate (more than 12.1 kg/cm2)
All igniter valves closed.
No boiler trip command.
In addition, instrument air supply must be available to actuate
trip valve.
If igniter fan is not started, it will start when first igniter start
Command is given.

II] Opening light oil trip valve:

Light oil trip valve will open if following condition is met:

No boiler trip.
Elevation AB LO valves on guns is closed.

Light oil pressure adequate i.e. they should not less than 1.4 kg/cm 2
for more than 25 sec. and light oil trip valve open push button pressed.
The following figure shows logic diagram for warm up oil trip valve
control. Before Boiler light up with Light Diesel oil, LOTV must be open
by giving open command from push button switch on the desk.
Output form OPEN push button switch goes to an AND gate. Other
input to this gate are_
1.
2.
3.
4.

No Boiler Trip
All Corner Valves closed
LDO Pressure Adequate
LOTV Close command not persisting

When all these inputs are TRUE, OPEN command causes AND gate to
give a TRUE output causing LOTV to open.

LOTV closes when

OR

Close command through push button switch is initiated

Boiler trips OR

After a delay of 3 second when any warm up oil elevations

Corner valve is NOT CLOSE AND
If LDO Pressure drops to LOW valve OR
If P between atomizing air and LDO is low.

Starting Igniter:
When igniter is started for 1st 10 sec period, oil and atomizing air are
admitted though the valve and simultaneously a spark is applied. The
spark lights up the oil spray and flame is sensed by flame sensor in the
igniter. This happen within 10 secs, the valve is held open allowing igniter
to continue.
There are no separate igniter start push buttons, pressuring any one
pair of oil gun start or stop push button will give starting impulse to all
four igniter of that elevation. To start the oil guns press either 1and 3 or 2
and 4 start button. This gives commands for igniter start provided the
following condition is met:

DC power available.
No boiler trip command.
Burner tilt horizontal and air flow less than 40%.
Igniter trip valve open.
L.O. trip valve are open.

Igniter start causes following gives a start command to spark plug.

This command holds for 10 secs by which time if flame is in the igniters.
Now in this way at least three igniters on selected elevations are
proved command is given for selected LO guns to advance and light up
provided:

o Atomizing air valve open

o Warm up oil valve open.
o Corresponding igniter proved.
Under this condition, first one gun will advance, atomizing air will
open the next gun of will undergo similar operation with time log off 25
secs in this at least three guns have to be proved, otherwise oil guns will
trip out. When guns trips , the gun will not retract , it must be retracted
locally immediately to avoid any fire accident.

Warm up guns will trip under following conditions:

Pressing stop push button.

Moving local switch from Remote to any other position.
Gun advanced or engaged limit switches are released.
Corresponding igniters trip out.
Air or oil is elevating valve are closed.
Oil valve is not proven to be open within 90seconds.
Any boiler trip command.
At any time when warm up guns are in service, it more than one
igniter is off all warm up guns oil trip.

LIGHTING UP HEAVY OIL

ELEVATION
I] Lighting up Heavy Oil Elevation.
Healy oil can be fired on any three elevation AB,CD and EF. Heavy
oil guns are supposed to be self sustaining. Once three oil guns are tilt,
their flow (gun loading in that particular elevation) is more than 30% or
Boiler load more than 30% and flame scanners are sensing flame under
these condition light oil can be withdrawn without affecting oil guns.
II] Now the heavy oil valves open under following condition are
met.
Header oil pressure adequate.
All heavy oil hydra motor valve of AB, CD, EF oil guns are proven
closed.
No boiler trip command.
Heavy oil pressure not low less than 1.4 kg/cm 2 for more than 2
secs.

When valve open signals open appears on the panel.

Starting igniter command oil materialize only when heavy oil is
ready for light up with oil temperature more than 105 0C .
Now taking heavy oil guns service in elevation AB.
Gun will advance provided:

Atomizing steam isolating valve open.

Heavy oil manual isolating valve open.
Heavy oil igniter on.

Under this condition oil gun advance.

When valve open signals open appears on the panel.

Starting igniter command oil materialize only when heavy oil is
ready for light up with oil temperature more than 105 0C .
Now taking heavy oil guns service in elevation AB.
Gun will advance provided:

Atomizing steam isolating valve open.

Heavy oil manual isolating valve open.
Heavy oil igniter on.

Under this condition oil gun advance.

MILL
FSSS controls the salve starting, running and stopping of mills.
Pulverizer Ready for start
This is common to all six mills signal Pulverizer ready will appear
when all the following conditions are fulfilled.

Mills outlet temperature is less than 900C.

Seal air valve open.
Cold air gate open.
Feeder inlet gate open.
Pulverizer discharge valve open.
Tramp iron hopper gate open.
No Pulverizer trip command.
Burner tilt horizontal and air flow less than 40% for
subsequent
mills, the first R.C. feeder ON.
Energizes relay by passing burner tilt and air flow conditions.

Ignition

permissive :

It is presumed that P.A. fan is running, seal air fan is running, P.A.
header pressure is normal before we can actually start the mill, another
conditions that of providing sufficient ignition energy near the burner
nozzle of the mill has to be ensured so that, once coal flow is established
through mill, the pulverized coal will light up inside the boiler without any
loss of time.
At least three oil guns (Heavy oil or warm up) are in service for the
first mill to be started A or B, C or D, E or F.
For second mill to be start ignition energy is given by either: Three oil Guns being in service adjacent to mill or
Boiler load is more than 30%.
Adjacent mill running with RC feeder speed in excess of 5rpm or
Pulverizer A or C in service at igniter than 50% loading.
This ignition energy must be continuously available for three
minutes after starting RC feeder.
Even though the logic permits removal of ignition energy after three
minutes operationally it will be required for even longer period till boiler
flame conditions are stable.

The following figure shows Logic Diagram for Ignition Permissive

for Pulverizer A and B. Similar requirements are applicable for
other Pulverizers:
1. Pulverizer B is running with 50% loading AND Boiler Load is
More than 30% OR
a) Elevation AB in service with 3 out of 4 Guns established.
2. Pulverizer B Ignition Permissive is available if
a) Pulverizer A or C running at 50% loading AND Boiler load is
more than 30% OR
b) Oil Elevation AB in service with 3 out of 4 Guns
established.

Actual starting of the mill

If conditions are met and if local key release push button is released
mill can be started by pressing the start push button on console.

As soon as mill starts, cold air damper opens full.

Hot air gate can now be opened provided temperature after mill still
remains less than 900C. If the temperature exceeds 900C, the white
signal Pulverizer ready will disappear but the mill will continue to
run. Pulverizer ready can disappear for other reason also.
However if discharge damper closes mill will trip immediately.

After opening the hot air gate, cold air and hot air damper can be
regulated to achieve an after mill temperature of 600C to750C and P.A.
fan flow about 52 T/hrs. During manipulation of air, take care load
P.A. fan so, that P.A. header pressure does not fall below 650mm.
If the ignition energy continuous to be present after starting mill,
feeder can be started and mill loaded.
As soon as feeder is started, signal given to panel to modulate fuel
air accelerator to speed of feeder. When feeder stops, fuel air damper
is shut. This is to facilitate quick light up of fuel when a mill is
started.

 After 50 seconds of feeder starting relay energizes to permit feeder to

be controlled by boiler pressure auto.
PULVERIZER START
When ignition energy available and Pulverizer ready condition are
establish for the respective Pulverizer. The Pulverizer may be place in
service as follows:
a) Start the Pulverizer by pressing start push button
b) When Pulverizer is proven on as indicated by its on indication or by
amp on UCR open, hot air gate and allow pulverize to come adequate
temp (750C) and PA flow of about 52 T/hr with the help of
cold air
damper.
c) When Pulverizer is up to temp 1400C start feeder and set at minimum
and associated elevation of fuel air damper proven close.
Coal flow must be proven either by coal flow detector or satisfactory
Pulverizer amp within 5 secs after feeder started. When minimum of the
two feeders are establish at greater than 50% loading, associated elevation
of oil guns may be shutdown provided feeder has been on for minimum 3
of 3 minute.

FAN CONTROL
Igniter and scanner fans:
Igniter fan:Igniter can be started from control desk otherwise it get set started
automatically when any igniter or oil elevation start is initiate at least one
ID and more than one FD fan must be service for the igniter fan to start on
stopping igniter fan from control desk will remove the associated igniter fan
service provided all of igniter valve are closed.
Scanner Fan Control:It can be started from control desk otherwise it get started
automatically when the scanner air duct to differential pressure falls below
4.5w.g. low differential pressure more than 10 secs will alarm, the scanner
emergence damper open on interlock when both ID/FD fan are off, this
allows the fan to draw ambient air for the cooling scanner when unit is
bottled up on stopping fan from control desk will remove the scanner fan
from service provided the scanner duct to furnace desk. Pressure is above
4.5w.g.

CONTROL of THE WIND BOX

DAMPERS
1] Auxiliary Air Dampers:
During furnace purge and when load is less than 30%. FSSS
modulates are auxiliary air dampers to maintain a low wind box
pressure (30mm).
When load increases beyond 30% the modulation is for a higher
wind box pressure (60mm), which is achieve by closing dampers near
elevation not in service.
When warm up oil is in service, the auxiliary air damper of AB
elevation opens to a predetermined position.
When heavy oil is in service, the auxiliary air is allowed to be
controlled by opening depending on oil pressure.
When one FD fan trips, then all auxiliary and fuel air damper open
wide.
2] Fuel air dampers:
All the air dampers are shut on elevations where there are no
feeders in service.
After starting of feeder, the fuel air damper of that elevation is
allowed to be controlled with feeder speed.

Software part-- Electrical

Drawings---

SUMMARY:

FSSS achieves---

Smooth boiler start up.

Routine operations.

Withdrawal of boiler safely,when ever

reqd.

Tripping in case of abnormal conditions.

HOMEWORK:
INTERLOCKS & PROTECTIONS
ID-FD-PA-BFP
AUXILLIARY

ID FAN

FD FAN

PA FAN

BFP

INTERLOCK

PROTECTION

Over current,Earth
fault,Shot
circuit,Locked
Rotor,Differential

THANK YOU