Anatomy of female

reproductive system
Zhao Aimin

Bony pelvis
Sacrum(
Coccyx
Coxae
Ilium
Ischium

Pubis

Pelvis
Falase pelvis
(major)

To surport the pregnancy

Bounded by lumbar
vertebrae posteriorly,
iliac fossa bilaterally
abdominal wall anteriorly

True pelvis
(minor)

Sacrum and coccyx

posteriorly
Ischium and pubis
bilaterally
and anteriorly

The pelvis plane

Four planes
The

pelvic inlet: the greatest

The midplane:the least
The pelvic outlet(two planes)

Pelvic inlet
Posteriorly

by promontory of

sacrum
Bilaterally by linea of iliac-pubis
Anteriorly by superior surface of
pubis

midplane
Anteriorly

by the lower border of

pubis
Bilaterally by ischial spines
is very important clinically
because arrest of fetal descent occurs
most frequently

outlet
Irregular
Consisting of two triangles
It is bounded by
Posteriorly: the tip of sacrum
Laterally : ischial tuberosities
sacrotuberous ligaments
Anteriorly:the lower border of pubis symphysis

Type of female pelvis

Gyecoid type
52-58.9%
Platypelloid type
23.2-29%
Anthropoid type
14.2-18%
Android type
1-3.7%

External genital organs

mons

tissue

labia

pubis: fatty

majora
labia minora which
lie inside the labia
majora
clitoris: is located
anterior to the
labia minora

Vestibule(
Lies

between the labia minora

Is bounded
Anteriorly by clitoris
Posteriorly by perineum
Urethra and vaginal orifice open to the
midline of the vestibule
Bartholins glands also empty into the
vestibule

Internal genital organs

Vagina(
an

organ for coitus

a drainage of menstrual flow
a passage for childbirth
posterior wall 10cm,anterior wall 7.5cm

Fornix the
area arounded
the cervix
(anterior,posterior,l
ateral)
the posterior
fornix is
important pouch
which allows
access to the
peritoneal cavity
from vagina

 The

vagial wall is consisted of

Mucouse membrance: is lined by
squamous
Beneath this is a submucosal layer of
connective tissue which contains a rich of
veins and lymphatics
The muscular wall has three layers of
smooth muscle.

Uterus(
Lies

between rectum and bladder

Volume: 7*5*3cm
Weight: 50g
Divided into two portions by isthmus

The body

Cornu:where the fallopians enter

Fundus:the part of the body above the cornu

The uterus is surported by

the following ligaments
Round

ligament
Broad ligament
Cardinal ligament
Utero-sacral ligament

Histology of uterus
There

are three layers of the body

The inner is endometrium which is
consisted of the simple columnar
epithelium
Beneath the mucosa is the muscular
layer,covered by peritoneal serosa

Fallopian tubes
Length: 8-14cm
The tube is divided four portions
Interstitial:
isthmun
Ampulla:the centre portion
Infundibulum:surround the ovary and help to
collect the oocyte at the time of ovulation

The innner layer is covered by

ciliate columnar epitheliun
The cilia beat toward the uterus
assisting in oocyte transport

ovaries
Be

located on either side of the uterus

Volume:4*3*1cm
Weight:5-6g
be almond-shaped
Is divided two portion:
cortex(outer portion): contains amount of
follicles
medulla(central portion): blood vessels,
nerve fibres,
lymphatics

Arterial system
Ovarian artery:
from abdominal aorta
(left may be from
kedney artery
Uterine artery
Vaginal
Internal

artery

pudendal
artery from
internal iliac artery

Arterial system
Ovarian

Uterine

arteries: from abdominal aorta

(left may be from kedney
artery