Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
August 2010
Simon Fraser University
Introduction
Definition
Cognitive radio network architecture
Cognitive radio systems
Spectrum sharing in cognitive radio
networks
Game theoretical overview of spectrum
sharing
References
spectrum white
spaces
Primary network
Primary users:
Secondary network
Secondary users:
Secondary base-station:
Spectrum broker :
CR Network Access:
CR Ad Hoc Access:
Spectrum sensing:
Spectrum management:
Spectrum mobility:
Interference
avoidance
QOS awareness
Seamless communication
Physical layer:
spectrum sensing
data reconfigurable transmission based on
Software Defined Radio (SDR).
Link Layer :
spectrum analysis
spectrum selection(spectrum adjustment)
spectrum coordination.
MAC layer:
Obtaining information on channel occupancy.
Performing negotiation among primary users and
secondary users for spectrum allocation and also among
secondary users for channel sensing and access.
Synchronizing transmission parameters (e.g. channel,
time slot) between transmitter and receiver.
Facilitating spectrum trading functions (e.g. spectrum
bidding and pricing).
Secondary user
observes the activity of the primary users in a fixed
spectrum band and access the entire spectrum band if it
senses the opportunity. Can be built on the following
standards:
802.11
802.15
802.3
Secondary
users can transmit using different bandwidths by changing
the transmission parameters in the physical layer (based on
OFDM or MC-CDMA).
The focus was on building fixed point-tomultipoint WRAN that utilizes UHF/VHF TV bands
between 54 and 862 MHz.
Leased network
Cognitive mesh network
Emergency network
Military network
Architecture:
Centralized : The spectrum allocation and process are
controlled by a central entity.
Distributed : Spectrum allocation and access are
based on local or global policies that are performed
by each node distributively.
As the interference in other CRs are not considered this solution may result in
reduced spectrum utilization.
Scope:
Intra-network Spectrum Sharing: Spectrum
Cooperative DSSG
This scenario can be modeled as multiplayer noncooperative game with incomplete information. Auction
theory is applied to formulate and analyze the
interactions.
Local Bargaining
The product of user throughput is considered the
optimization goal of local bargaining
Belief-Assisted Pricing
To achieve efficient pricing distributively in DSSGs
with incomplete information, the belief metrics
are proposed to predict other users future
possible strategies according to the game
histories and assist each users decision making.
References