LECTURE 1

SCIENTIFIC METHODS
Block V
UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL ACHMAD YANI
FACULTY OF MEDICINE

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MOCHAMMAD HARRIS SUHAMIHARDJA

dr, MPH

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LECTURE 1

INTRODUCTION

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Specific Learning Objectives :

By the end of this session, you should be able to :
1. Identify the significance of scientific methods
2. Define the term research
3. Identify the significance of medical (health)
research
4. Describe Framework Linking Medical (Health)
Research to the World of Medicine (Health)

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5. Describe research as a scientific process of

inquiry
6. Describe the roles of biostatistics, epidemiology and
population studies in medical (health) research
7. Classify research activities
8. Describe the physicians roles in research
9. Describe the scope of research in medicine

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1. Introduction

Human beings

World

Curiosity

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2. Definition of Medical
(Health) Research
o
o
o
o

a scientific processes
that validates and refines existing knowledge
and
generates new knowledge
that directly and indirectly influences
medical (health) practice

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Other Definition
Research is a scientific process of inquiry and
or experimentation that involves purposeful,
systematic and rigorous collection of data.
Analysis and interpretation of data are then
made in order to gain new knowledge or add
to existing knowledge.
Research has the ultimate aim of
developing an organized body of scientific
knowledge

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RESEARCH is the systematic

collection, analysis, and
interpretation of data to answer a
certain question or solve a problem

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3. Significance of
Medical (Health) Research
Description
Explanation
Prediction
Control
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4. Framework Linking Medical

(Health) Research to the
World of Medicine (Health)

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Philosophy

Abstract

Knowledge

Science

Abstract
Thought
Processes

Theory

Research

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Empirical World

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Concrete

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5. The roles of biostatistics,

epidemiology and population
studies
Biostatistics
Epidemiology
Population studies
Others

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6. Research as a Scientific Process

of Inquiry
The Scientific Method
Order
Control
Generalization
Purposes of Research
Research in Medicine (Health)
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6. Classification of Research
Activities
Classification by
Purpose
1. Basic research
(pure research)
2. Applied research

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Classification by
Approach
1. Descriptive
2. Experimental
3. Historical

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Other Classification

Quantitative
research

Observational
research
(Non-intervention)

Qualitative
research

Interventional
research

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7. Why doctors should learn

about Research ?
If medicine is to develop an organized body of
scientific knowledge, there are several ways that
you as a doctor can participate :

Develop the ability to read medical literature

critically
Decide whether or not the knowledge could
be used in practice
Involve in a research project
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8. The scope of research

activities

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Clinics/Hospital
Community Health Centre (Puskesmas)
Health services (provincial, kabupaten and kota)
Community
Educational or research institutions
Clinical laboratories
etc.

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