MINING MACHINERY

Trucks

MINE TRUCK

A truck is a machine for hauling material.

It

is used for transport of ore from the face to

processing or stockpile or for transport overburden to
the dump area.
Broader application and the growth of surface mining
have led to the development of off-highway units of
very high power and capacity.
Caterpillar made mining
truck in operation
http://www.cat.com

MINE TRUCK

TYPES OF MINE TRUCKS

Trucks may be classified based on a number of

factors;
Method

of dumping the load; rear dumping, bottom

dumping, side dumping
The frame, rigid frame or articulated
The drive: mechanical or electric
The capacity in tonnes or cubic meters
The kind of drive, two wheel, four wheel, six wheel
The size of the machine

TYPES OF MINE TRUCKS

Rear dump and bottom dump

The rear dump
discharges material by tilting the body and spilling the
content out the rear by gravity
Rear dump trucks are used when:
The material hauled is free flowing, or has bulky
components
The hauling must dump into a specific point or over
the edge of a bunk or a bank fill
Maximum maneuverability in the loading and
dumping are is required

TYPES OF MINE TRUCKS

Rear Dump trucks feature

Generally

2 axle units (one steering, one driving)

three axle on very large sizes or on smaller
articulated units (one steering, two driving)
Rigid frame with heavy duty body
Single wheels in front axle, dual wheels in rear axle
Articulated frame with four to six wheel drive

TYPES OF
MINE TRUCKS

Bottom dump
The

bottom dump discharges material by opening the

bottom of the body spilling the content out the rear by
gravity.
Bottom dump trucks are used when:
When the material to be hauled is free flowing
There are unrestricted loading and dumping sites

Bottom Dump trucks feature

Tractor-trailer

3 axle units (one steering, one driving,

one trailing or rigid frame 2 axle units (one steering
one driving.

RIGID AND ARTICULATED MINE HAUL TRUCKS

Rigid trucks
have

rigid chassis
require longer turning radius
Can have higher capacity reaching 400 tonnes

Articulated dump trucks

Have

articulated chassis
Require shorter turning radius
Maneuver on rough terrain
Suitable on wet ground
Capacity not exceeding 60 tonnes with current
designs
Have normally three axle with four wheel or six wheel
drive

MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC DRIVE

Mechanical drive power-train

The

main components of a mechanical drive system

for a mining truck comprise: diesel engine, torque
converter, drive shaft, transmission, differential and
final drive; and feature
Fully automatic power-shift transmission for operator
comfort and reduction of component stress
Three to six gear ratio and one reverse
Front mounting for engine provides cleaner
environment, good cleaning system air flow and less
filter maintenance

MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC DRIVE

Mechanical drive power-train

The

main components of a mechanical drive system

for a mining truck comprise: diesel engine, torque
converter, drive shaft, transmission, differential and
final drive; and feature
Fully automatic power-shift transmission for operator
comfort and reduction of component stress
Three to six gear ratio and one reverse
Front mounting for engine provides cleaner
environment, good cleaning system air flow and less
filter maintenance

MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC DRIVE

Electric drive power-train

An alternate current electric-drive truck contains
a diesel engine, inverter control cabinet
(including rectifiers and inverters), resistor grid
box, alternator, drive shaft, generator and final
drive/wheel motors. Some companies also regard
the retarding system, brakes and wheels as part
of the powertrain.

Control system
Grid box for disipation of heat during retardation
DC motors in the hab of each drive wheel or ineach drive axle in
the largest sizes.
Motor module includs gear reduction and brake
Blowers for generators and motors.

MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC DRIVE

MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC DRIVE

Mechanical drives advantages

Require electric grid to transfer power
More flexible
Available in lower capacity trucks and higher capacity trucks

Electric drive advantages

An AC electric drive system offers several operational advantages over
mechanical drive for haul trucks:
increased efficiency (lower fuel consumption);
higher speed on ramp, reducing cycle time (productivity);
greater retard capability resulting in higher speeds going downhill,
thus reducing cycle time;
increased availability (AC motors require less maintenance);
increased reliability (state-of-the-art on-board and off-board
diagnostics, reducing the chances of premature failure); and
lower maintenance costs (fewer parts to replace)

TYPES OF MINE TRUCKS

Bottom dumping
The

bottom dump discharges material by opening the

bottom of the body.
Tractor-trailer 3 axle units (one steering, one driving,
one trailing) or
rigid frame 2 axle units (one steering one driving )

BASIC TRUCK OPERATION

Loading
Truck bodies are filled by
front-end

loaders,
hydraulic excavators,
electric shovels and / or
bucket wheel excavators,
Loading

takes place while the truck is positioned so

as to optimize the operational cycle of the specific
excavating unit.
In properly matched cyclic loading machines normally
require 3 to 5 passes to fill the truck.

BASIC TRUCK OPERATION

Hauling cycle
Loading

Traveling

loaded; periods of accelerating, deceleration

and operating in grades. Speed depends on road
conditions, traffic truck rimpull capabilities and haul
distances
Dumping with time for maneuvering
Returning to the loading area empty with time for
maneuvering
Waiting time - until the truck before is loaded

BASIC TRUCK OPERATION

TRUCK APPLICATION

Rear dump trucks are used when:

The

material hauled is free flowing, or has bulky

components
The hauling must dump into a specific point or over the
edge of a bunk or a bank fill
Maximum maneuverability in the loading and dumping
are is required

Bottom dump trucks are used when:

When

the material to be hauled is free flowing

There are unrestricted loading and dumping sites

ESTIMATING SCRAPER PRODUCTION

Mine truck major specifications

Thank You

REVIEW QUESTIONS
1.

2.
3.
4.

5.

6.
7.

What is a dozer or Bulldozer?

Name some of the mining related work.
What is the difference between a machine and an equipment?
Name the major planning stages where equipemnt selection is
studied and refined.
The type of equipment to be deployed depends on the type of
mining (mining method). Name the aspects that determine the
mining method to be used.
Ones the type of mining is selected, what aspects influence
equipment selection?
Describe how altitude, overburden properties, and production rate
affect equipment selection. Calculate owning and operating cost

ASSIGNMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Present a description of mine trucks

Describe similarity between rigid and
articulated mine trucks
Describe difference between rigid and
articulated mine trucks
Describe how diesel mine trucks function
Describe how electric driven mine trucks
function
Name major difference between diesel driven
and electric driven mine trucks