Self & Group

Communication

Self-Concept: the relatively stable set of

perceptions you hold of yourself.

Self Esteem: evaluations of self-worth

Variables Influencing
Individual Behavior
The P
Person
Skills & abilities
Personality
Perceptions
Attitudes
Values
Ethics

The E
Environment
Organization
Work group
Job
Personal life

BBehavior

B = f(P,E)

Personality Characteristics
in Organizations

Locus of Control
Internal

External

I control what
happens to me!

People and
circumstances
control my fate!

Personality Characteristics
in Organizations

Self-Esteem
Feelings of Self
Worth

Success tends
to increase
self-esteem

Failure tends
to decrease
self-esteem

Personality Characteristics
in Organizations

Self-Monitoring
Behavior based on cues from people & situations
High self-monitors
flexible: adjust
behavior according
to the situation
and the behavior
of others
can appear
unpredictable &
inconsistent

Low self-monitors
act from internal
states rather than
from situational
cues
show consistency
less likely to
respond to work
group norms or
supervisory
feedback

People are different

Physically
Mentally

Physical differences

Geographical reasons
Biological reasons
Climate changes
Spiritual reasons

Psychological Differences

The environmental reasons

Instinctive reasons
Knowledge
Cognitive behaviors

Skills, Attitudes and

Knowledge
Head
Heart
Hand

Differentiation of Skills is formed by

Knowledge and Attitudes

How does Individual see the

society?

Everybody is incomplete in the world

Gender
Rich man and poor person
Teacher and students
Employer and employee

Definition of a small group

Small-group communication
involves a small number of people,
usually engaged in face-to-face
interaction, actively working
together toward a common goal.

16

Self:
Build your network before you need
it.
Be generous with your time and
wisdom, and help others without any
expectation of receiving something in
return .
Start a relationship by having a great
conversation, not by trying to show
the other person how smart you are.

 Cultivate your own interests so you are

interesting to others.
Become truly distinctive at something
thats of value to others.
Be enthusiastic and passionate about
your workand everything else you do.

 Be genuinely interested in others.

Give some trust to start the trust building
process.
Demonstrate integrity at all times.
Be seen as contributing directly to your
clients growth and profits, and they will
never get enough of you.
http://andrewsobel.com/articles/12-relationshipprinciples-for-life/

Types of teams
Learning groups sharing and
seeking information
Self- maintenance groups inspire
desirable attitudes, understanding
and communication patterns
Problem-solving groups make
decisions regarding a problem

20

Effective Problem-Solving
Teams

Well organized
Receive periodic training
Examine assumptions and opinions
Evaluate possible solutions
Operate Virtually
Avoid groupthink
Manage cultural diversity
21

Group formats
Roundtable private small group
discussion using problem-solving
procedure
Panel small group of well-informed
individuals discussing a topic or
problem in front of a large group

22

Group formats
Symposium small group of experts
in front of a large group using timed
presentations.
Forum a panel or discussion in which
audience members can participate in
the discussion

23

Groupthink symptoms

Illusion of invulnerability
Shared stereotypes
Rationalization
Illusion of morality

24

Avoiding groupthink
Bring in outside experts
Ask members to be critical
evaluators
Leader should voice opinions after
others
Provide second chance to rethink
choices

25

Managing cultural diversity

Recognize differences
Select members for task-related abilities
Find purpose that transcends differences

Develop mutual respect

Seek high level of feedback
26

Bob Daemmrich/The Image

works

Avoid cultural dominance

Evaluating Arguments
Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
When evaluating arguments, people use either:
The Central Route

Elaborate carefully and critically

The Peripheral Route

Decide quickly and non-critically

Pay attention to message content Pay attention to peripheral cues

(such as attractiveness, vocal
Quality, gender, personality, etc.
27

Define Problem
Discuss symptoms, seriousness, &
impact
Write problem in question form:

Define confusing terms

28

Walter Hodges/Stone/Getty
Images

Written for widest range of answers

Specific not general
Unbiased form

Research and Analyze

problem

Steven Niedorf
Photography/The Image
Bank/Getty Images

List all topics to research &

discuss
Gather needed information
Discuss information &
opinions in organized manner

29

Listing possible alternatives

Brainstorming
Avoid negative feedback
Strive for longest list possible
Strive for creative, unusual ideas
Build from previously mentioned ideas

Electronic Brainstorming

30

Listing possible alternatives

Brainstorming
Electronic Brainstorming
Ideas typed on computer by each
member
Ideas stored for later group viewing
Software gives option of concealing
identities
Generally produces more ideas;
sometimes better ideas
Very effective
with large groups
31

Listing possible alternatives

Brainstorming
Electronic Brainstorming
Nominal Group Technique (NGT)
Ideas generated silently by each
member
Ideas recorded on board for flip chart
Ideas discussed for clarification only
Each member privately selects top five
ideas
32

Select the best alternative

Select more than one solution

Create additional criteria
Use consensus
Compromise
Vote
33

Nova
Development

The best solutions are those with the

highest totals
In case of a tie