Introduction to Relational

Database Management
System
Prepared by: Romer Ian O. Pasoc

What is an RDBMS?
A relational DBMS is a special software that
is used to manage the organization,
storage, access, security and integrity of
data.
This specialized software allows the
application developer or user to focus on
the user interface, data validation and
screen navigation
The application system can then simply
makes a call to the RDBMS when
inserting, modifying, deleting or displaying
data.

RBMS is the most common type of database

management system.
Other types includes hierarchical and network
databases.
A relational DBMS stores information in a set of
tables, each of which has a unique identifier
or primary key.
The tables are then related to one another
using foreign keys.
A foreign key is simply the primary key of
another table.

Real Life Applications

Almost all major industries or companies,

and even medium size establishments
utilizes DBMS and there is a big chance that
most of these are RDBMSs.

The Relational Model

The relational model is a collection of relations

required to build a database. Tables in an
RDBMS are technically called Relations.

In the relational model, each row in the relation

consists of set of related data values.

Each row shares some reality which corresponds

to the real world entity or relationship

Rows in a relation is technically called Tuples

Every relation is given a unique name. A relation

comprises of columns. These columns represents the
set of related values (domain) that pertains to its
attribute. Example, A relation: person, can have an
attributes: name, age, address . These attributes should
only contain information that belongs to its intended
data to be stored (domain).

Proper naming of relations and its columns is essential

for identification of data to be extracted.

Technically, a column in our relation is called an

Attribute

BASIC PARTS OF A
RELATION
STUDENT
Student_ID
(STRING)

S_Name
(STRING)

Age
(INT)

B_day
(DATE)

1023-PRP

Juan

19

09/09/1989

1231-IGP

Pedro

20

11/22/1988

2312-ICT

Maria

17

02/21/1991

2131-HGQ

Crispin

16

05/09/1992

1923-YYT

Basilio

21

12/25/1987

Student Name of the relation

Student_ID, S_Name, Age, and B_day Attributes
String, Int, and Date Domain
All 5 rows Tuples

BASIC PARTS OF A
RELATION

RELATION NAME
Table name

ATTRIBUTES
Columns

DOMAIN
Data Types

TUPLES
Rows/Records

Notation
We can actually write the structure of a
relation in this format:
relation_name (attribute1:domain,
attribute2:domain,attributeN:domain)

Why the underline on the first attribute?

Represents keys

COMMON DATA TYPES (MS ACCESS)

Text/String
Use for text or combinations of text, numbers,
and some symbols. 255 characters maximum

Memo
Memo is used for larger amounts of text. Stores
up to 65,536 characters.

Integer/Int
Allows whole numbers between -32,768 and
32,767

Long
Allows whole numbers between -2,147,483,648
and 2,147,483,647

COMMON DATA TYPES (MS ACCESS)

Single
Single precision floating-point. Will handle most
decimals

Double
Double precision floating-point. Will handle most
decimals

Currency
Use for currency. Holds up to 15 digits of whole
dollars, plus 4 decimal places.Tip:You can
choose which country's currency to use

COMMON DATA TYPES (MS ACCESS)

AutoNumber
AutoNumber fields automatically give each record
its own number, usually starting at 1

Date/Time
Use for dates and times

Yes/No
A logical field can be displayed as Yes/No,
True/False, or On/Off.

Assignment
1.
2.

3.

4.

What is a Schema?
What is an Instance and how does it differ
to Schema?
What are the different types of keys in an
RDBMS?
What are the 4 different types of
relationships?