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W-3
W-4
5. Electrodes Welding
6. Electro slag Welding
7. Stud Welding.
(EGW).
(ESW).
Inner flux
W-5
A Butt Joints:
Requires full penetration groove welding, but it
eliminates eccentricity and more pleasant to view.
Suitable for shop welding.
B Lap Joints:
Is the most common, due to ease of fitting, requires
fillet weld, and can be double-sided.
C Tee Joints:
Useful for fabricating
Built-up sections
W-6
A) Groove Welds :
Is used to weld members aligned in the same plane.
The weld should have the same strength of the base material
(or even greater).
B) Fillet Welds :
More popular as they require
no special alignment of pieces, nor
edge preparation.
(b) Fillet weld.
W-7
C) Slot Weld :
They can be used in
addition to fillet welds when more
areas of weld are required.
D) Plug Weld :
Same as above
W-8
W-9
W-10
Aw = te Lw
where:
Aw = Effective area of weld.
te = Effective throat thickness.
Lw = Length of weld.
t1
t2
te = t
te = t1
For partial joint penetration groove welds,
see (table J 2.1 Page 16.1 -44)
For minimum size of partial penetration groove welds,
see (table J 2.3 page 16.1-95).
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W-13
W-14
Select a suitable fillet weld size for the connection shown below:
Solution :Maximum weld size
For thick plate:
t
1 1 1
7
in.
16 2 16 16
5
in.
16
3
in.
8
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(Tension or Compression)
(Shear)
W-17
W-18
In general :
Rn i Qi
For Welds :
Rnw Ru
where : Ru factored load per unit length of weld.
base material
base material
W-19
2 Fillet Welds
The design strength per unit length of fillet weld is based on the
shear resistance through the effective throat of the weld (Table J2.5):R nw 0.75 t e (0.6 FEXX )
weld material
0.45 t e FEXX
but should not be greater than the shear capacity of the base metal:
R nw 0.75 t (0.6 Fu )
0.45 t Fu
base material
(J4.2)
where:
te
W-20
Example W-2:
Calculate the capacity of the connection shown below, considering
E70XX weld and (A-36) bare metal?
Solution:1) Check weld size :Minimum weld size = 1/8 in (Table J.2.4)
Maximum weld size = - 1/16 = 3/16 in
size is ok.
3
te 0.707w 0.707 x
0.133 in.
16
2) Capacity of weld :-
(controls)
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3)
R nw 0.75 t (0.6 Fu )
1
x 0.6 x 58
4
6.5 kips/in.
0.75 x
4) Capacity of Connection:-
Rn
Rnw x L
4.2 x 8
33.4 kips/in.
W-22
Example W-3:
Select a plate thickness and design a full penetration weld
(A 572 Grade 50 steel) SAW process?
DL = 12k
Solution:
1)
2)
Pu
6"
LL = 60k
3)
110
7
0.41in say
inch thick .
270
16
W-23
Example W-4:
Design the size and length of Fillet weld for the lap joint shown below,
Use SMAW E 70XX process, plates are A-36 steel ?
Solution:
Factored load = 1.2 x 25 + 1.6 x 70 = 142 kips.
Minimum weld size = inch (AISC table J 2.4)
Maximum weld size = 5/8 1/16 = 9/16 (AISC 2 2b Page 95).
Select size (5/16 inch) since you can get it in a single pass.
te = 0.707 x 5/16 = 0.22 inch
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continued:
Weld capacity per inch = Rnw = 0.75 te (0.6 FEXX)
1)
= Rnw = t (0.6Fu)
= 0.75 x 0.625 x 0.6 x 58
= 16.3 kips per inch
3)
Pu
142
Lw
20.4inches
Rnw 6.90
Use weld around plate as shown.
(Use three sides of 7 inch each = 21 inch).
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T y F1 d F2 d2 0
T y F2
F1
d
2
W-26
Example W-5
Design a balanced weld for angle
shown below, (A 572-Gr 50 steel)
and SMAW process specified
Solution:
1) Section capacity:
Tn = 0.90 Fy Ay = 0.9 x 50 x 3.61 = 162 kips
or
inch.
Maximum weld size = 8 16
16
Use inch fillet weld with E 70XX electrodes.
te = 0.707 x = 0.177 inch.
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contd.
3) Evaluate weld capacity:
Rnw = te (0.6 FEXX) = 0.75 x 0.177 x 0.6 x 70
= 5.57 kips per inch. (controls)
or
Rnw = t (0.6 Fu) = 0.75 x 0.375 x 0.6 x 65
= 11 kips per inch.
4) Determine weld length required:
F2 = Rnw Lw
= 5.57 x 6 = 33.4 kips
31.8 kips.
6
6
F3 T F1 F2 150 33.4 31.8 84.8 kips.
F1
31.8
5.7 inch.
5.57
84.8
15.2 inch.
5.57
L w1
L w3
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W-29
The
eccentric
load
is
transferred to the centroid of the weld
group. The transferred load shall
~ ~ ~
consist of a load P
plus
Px Py
a moment (Mz = Pe), where:
Py
1 inch
e = eccentrity.
The actual weld thickness
resisting shear and torsion forces is
(0.707w), but for simplicity, we
consider effective throat
thickness = 1.0 inch.
From direct shear only (due to P):-
M=Pe
Px
P
L
P
x
L
Py
f1
f1x
f1y
W-30
M .d
f2
J
where:
M = moment due to eccentricity = (P.e)
d = distance to the farthest weld point .
J = Polar moment of inertia.
where:
J r 2 dA
A
x 2 y 2 dA
A
x 2 dA y 2 dA
A
I xx I yy
My
f 2x
J
Mx
f 2y
J
W-31
f x f1 x f 2 x
f y f1 y f 2 y
fv ( f x )2 ( f y )2
Then the strength of 1 inch wide weld is evaluated as:
Fv = 0.707 w x 1 x (0.6 FEXX)
fv
required w
0.707 (0.6 FEXX )
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Example W-6
Determine the size of the weld required
for the bracket shown. A-36 steel is
used, SMAW process?
Solution:
2x8x4
2.286 inch
12 8 8
M P.e 60 x (10 5.714) 942.8 k in.
x
1 x(12)3
Ixx
8x(6)2 8x(6)2
12
144 288 288 720 in 4
1x(8)3
2
Iyy (1x12)(2.286) 2
1 8 (1.714) 195.0 in4
12
W-33
60
60
2.143 ksi
1x(8 8 12) 28
6.181 ksi
J
915
M x 942.8 5.714
(f 2y )A
5.886 ksi
J
915
f v (f 2x )A2 (f 1y f 2y )A2
(6.181)2 (2.143 5.886)2
10.131 ksi
W-34
w req.
Select
w req
fv
10.131
0.455 inch
0.75 0.707 1 0.6 70
9
1 1
maximum weld size
/ 2 inch
16 16
3
minimum weld size inch (t f 1.9 / 16 inch)
8
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