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Global
(Dis)Orders, Part II
COLD WAR
An intense, prolonged political confrontation between
countries, involving all spheres of relations (a war)
But without a direct armed clash (cold) though it may
escalate into a hot war
The Cold War
1946-1991
East-West
Communism capitalism
Soviet Union United States
US-Cuba: 1959-
US-Iran: 1979-
US-Iraq: 1991-2003
US-North Korea: 1953-
India-Pakistan: 1960s-2000s
Soviet Union-China: 1960s-1980s
George
Kennan,
American
diplomat,
architect of the
policy of
Containment of
Communism
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VG2aJyIFrA&feature=related
Several moments when the world was within a few steps from
nuclear war e.g. October 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis
Nuclear weapons: can you use them to win a war?
War-fighting vs. deterrence
The balance of terror
The nuclear stalemate
From an uncontrolled arms race to arms control and
disarmament
The era of arms control began in 1963 with the US-SovietBritish treaty to ban all, except underground, tests of
nuclear weapons
A system of treaties was developed in the 1960s-1990s to
make nuclear war less likely
1972,
Vietnam:
Communist
soldiers
Ideological factors
Geopolitical factors
1960s-1980s: from a bipolar to a multipolar world
The rise of the integrated Europe, Japan, China
Proliferation of independent states
1945 50 states
Today 193
Military factors
The stalemate between the superpowers, the stabilizing effect
of arms control
The economic burdens of the arms race
The futility of war as a means of policy
The rise of new pacifism - antiwar, antimilitarist movements around the world (1960s-1980s)
Mikhail
Gorbachev,
the last leader
of the Soviet
Union
Afghan Taliban
US forces in Afghanistan
US military power
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=jDfJjvice3w&feature=related
Russian military power
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMmsxhho_g&feature=related
Chinas military power
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-rgPI5iGBg
Brazils military power
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=CyScyV9hku4&feature=related
Proclamation of GWOT
Radical Islam and rogue states cast in the role of the
enemy
Democracy promotion, including by means of force
The unipolar moment
Unilateralism vs. multilateralism
Determination to preserve US hegemony
*http://edition.cnn.com/2003/US/04/03/sprj.irq.woolsey.world.war
*** Estimates
Russia***
13,000
USA
8,400
France
300
China
240
UK
180
Israel***
80-100
Pakistan***
70-90
India***
60-80
North Korea***
Total***
23,360
SECURITY
DEVELOPMENT
HUMAN RIGHTS
are inseparable
SECURITY
HUMAN RIGHTS
DEVELOPMENT
Sixty years later, we know all too well that the biggest
security threats we face now, and in the decades ahead, go
far beyond States waging aggressive war