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How an IC engine works:??

Done by:
Ali Yusuf (201102285)
Hashim Alqasab
(201000199)
Hussain Alfarhan
(201102238)
Yahya Isa Saif (201001047)

Content:
1. Four stroke engines: CI and SI
2. Two stroke engines: CI and SI
3. Shape and arrangements of
engines
4. Case Study.
5. Engine configurations of race cars

r. Subramanian Chithambaram

Introduction
What is an engine?
A device that converts chemical
energy stored in fuel into mechanical
energy
IC Engine
Types

Four Stroke

SI Engine
(Petrol)

CI Engine
(Diesel)

Two Stroke

SI Engine
(Petrol)

CI Engine
(Diesel)

Four Stroke SI engine

Cycle of operation:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Intake Stroke.
Compression Stroke.
Expansion stroke.
Exhaust stroke.

P-v diagram:
(0-1)
(1-2)
(2-3)
(3-4)
(4-5)
(5-0)

fuel injection: constant pressure process.

air-fuel mixture compression.
combustion: constant volume process.
Expansion: pressure
volume
.
Heat rejection.
Exhaust stroke.

Four Stroke CI engine

Cycle of operation:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Intake Stroke.
Compression Stroke.
Expansion stroke.
Exhaust stroke.

P-v diagram:
(0-1)
(1-2)
(2-3)
(3-4)
(4-5)
(5-0)

air injection: constant pressure process.

air is compressed.
Diesel is added
combustion + expansion.
Diesel injection stops: pressure
volume
.
Heat rejection at constant pressure
Exhaust stroke.

Advantages and
disadvantages of four
stroke engines
Advantages

Disadvantages

Low cooling and

lubrication
requirements

Low Power output

Low rate of wear and

tear

It is heavy

It is durable

Expensive

High thermal efficiency

Hard to trouble shoot

problems due to the
many parts

Two-stroke engine:
In two-stroke engines, the cycle of operation is
completed in one crankshaft revolution and by
two strokes only.

Process (0-1): (Suction and scavenging).

Process (1-2): (Isentropic compression).
Process (2-3): (Isochoric heat addition).
Process (3-4): (isentropic expansion).
Process (4-0): (Constant Volume Heat
Rejection).

Two-stroke CI engine:

Process 1-2 : isentropic compression.

Process 2-3 : constant pressure heat
addition.
Process 3-4 : isentropic expansion.
Process 4-1 : constant volume heat
rejection.

Advantages and
disadvantages of Twostroke SI Engines:

Gives one working stroke per one

revolution.
Higher mechanical efficiency.
Requires a lighter flywheel.
Requires less space.

Simple design with fewer spareparts

The cycle can be reversed
Lighter in weight
Simpler in construction and easier
maintenance

Poor thermal
efficiency
Subjected to
higher wear and
tear.
Higher fuel
consumption per
horsepower ratio.
Consumes more
lubrication oil.
Lower compression
ratio and thermal
efficiency.

Engine arrangement:
In-line Engine:
Cylinder
Banks

Crankshaft

Shape

One row of
cylinders

Used for

4, or 6 cylinder
Engine:
cars

Cylinder
Banks

Crankshaft

Shape

Two row of
cylinders at
angle V

Used for

6, or 8 cylinder

V Type

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Engine arrangement:
Opposed Engine:
Cylinder
Banks

Crankshaft

Shape

Radial

Two row of
cylinders
opposing each
Engine: other

Used for
Cylinder
Banks

Small aircrafts
Many

Crankshaft

Shape

Cylinders rows
arranged radially

Used for

conventional
air-cooled aircraft

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Engine arrangement:
X type engine
Cylinder
Banks

Crankshaft

Shape

Two row of
cylinders
opposing each
other

W
type engine
Used for
Small aircrafts

Three cylinder banks sharing one crankshaft.

Four cylinder banks sharing single crankshaft.
Two cylinder banks having two crankshafts.
Used for

12 or 16
cylinders

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Speciation's:
Engine BMW M4 (S55B30)
Cylinders/valves

6/4

Capacity in ccm

2,979

Stroke/bore in mm

Max. output in
kW (hp) at
1/min
Max. torque in
Nm at 1/min
Compression ratio : 1

89.6 / 84.0

317 (431) / 5,5007,300

550 / 1,850-5,500

10.2

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Case study
Engine Type

In-Line 4-Cylinder

Engine Block/Cylinder Head

Aluminum-Alloy

Displacement (cc)
Horsepower @ rpm (SAE net)
Torque (lb-ft @ rpm, SAE net)
Redline (rpm)
Bore and Stroke (mm)
Compression Ratio
Valve Train

1798
143 @ 6500
129 @ 4300
6700
81 x 87.3
10.6 : 1
16-Valve SOHC i-VTEC

Multi-Point Fuel Injection

Drive-by-Wire Throttle System
Eco Assist System
CARB Emissions Rating[1]

ULEV-2/PZEV

Direct Ignition System with Immobilizer

100K +/- Miles No Scheduled Tune-Ups[2]

Honda Civic before

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Case study
Engine Type

In-Line 4-Cylinder

Engine Block/Cylinder Head

Aluminum-Alloy

Displacement (cc)

1998

Horsepower @ rpm (SAE net)

225 @ 8000

Torque (lb-ft @ rpm, SAE net)

215 @ 6100

Redline (rpm)

8000

Bore and Stroke (mm)

86.0 x 86.0

Compression Ratio

11.7 : 1

Valve Train

16-Valve SOHC i-VTEC

Multi-Point Fuel Injection

Drive-by-Wire Throttle System
Eco Assist System
CARB Emissions Rating[1]
Direct Ignition System with Immobilizer
100K +/- Miles No Scheduled Tune-Ups[2]

Honda Civic after

ULEV-2/PZEV

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Racing Configurations

Turbochargers
Superchargers
Bigger Air Intake
High Ignition Spark Plug
Exhaust System
Headers & Filters
Tuning
Computer Chip

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