BRAIN ATTACK - STROKE

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By: Karen Peper RN MSN CFNP

Providence Hospital 9/07

Objectives
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Define Stroke
List types of Strokes

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List risk factors for Stroke

Identify the signs and

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symptoms of Stroke

Stroke Statistics
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Stroke is the No. 3 cause of death

in the U.S.
(#1 Heart Disease, #2 Cancer)
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Stroke kills more than 160,000

American each year

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On average, every 53 seconds,

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someone in the US experiences a

stroke.

Stroke Statistics
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Every 3.1 minutes someone dies

of a stroke

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Stroke risk increases with age.

For each decade after age 55, the

risk of stroke doubles.
72% of all strokes occur in people

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over the age of 65

What is a Stroke?
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Brain tissue is damaged from a

sudden loss of blood flow, resulting

in a loss of neurological function
Causes:
Blockage (blood clot) occurring
inside a blood vessel
Blood vessel leaks blood due to
rupture

Types of Strokes
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Ischemic Stroke

(85%)

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Hemorrhagic

Stroke (15%)
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Ischemic Stroke
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Types of Ischemic

Stroke

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Embolic Stroke
Blood clot travels to the
brain

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Thrombotic Stroke
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Blood flow is blocked to

the brain

Hemorrhagic Stroke
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Bleeding occurs from

vessels within the

brain. High blood
pressure or a rupture of a
blood vessel or an
aneurysm may be the
cause.

Transient Ischemic Attacks

(TIAs)
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A stroke-like event lasting minutes, or

hours, that occurs when the brain is

deprived of oxygen-rich blood temporarily,
but in which the effects wear off
completely after the blood-flow returns

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TIAs do not result in permanent brain

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damage

TIA is serious and too often ignored

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PLEASE
Pay Attention to these symptoms
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TIAs should not be ignored

More that 1/3 of people will go on to
have an actual stroke
5% of strokes will occur within 1
month of the TIA or first stroke
12% will occur within 1 year
20% will occur within 2 years
25% will occur within 3 years

Stroke does not Discriminate

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Stroke affects people of

All Ages
All Ethnic Groups

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All Backgrounds
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Most strokes are preventable, take

steps NOW to reduce having a stroke!

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Signs & Symptoms of

Stroke

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Sudden numbness or weakness of the face,

arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body

Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or

understanding

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Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes

Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of

balance or coordination

Sudden, severe headache with no known

cause

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Strokes occur
in the brain and
affect the
opposite side
of the body

Everyone
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Please stand up
If you answer yes to any of the
following questions, please sit
down

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Thank you
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Risk Factors for Stroke

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Blood Pressure over 120/80?

Smoker exposed to tobacco?
Overweight?

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Diabetes?
High Cholesterol?
Heart Disease?

Risk Factors for Stroke

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Family History of Stroke?

Physical activityless than a total

of 30 minutes on most days?

Man over age of 45, OR a woman
over 55 years of age?

Are you sitting down?

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Yes, you are at risk for a stroke,

but it doesnt mean you will have

one
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There are risk factors that can be

controlled and risk factors that

cannot be controlled

Risk Factors
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Risk factors you can control:

DIET - How we eat, do we follow our
diet?
EXERCISE - Do we exercise or get
some physical activity?
MEDICATIONS - Taking medications
correctly
SMOKING - Stop smoking

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Strokes can affect different parts of the brain,

this results in patients experiencing different
symptoms

Strokes are an
EMERGENCY
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If you are having a Stroke come to

the hospital right away CALL 91-1

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Once You are at the

Hospital

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Diagnostic Testing

CT or MRI of the brain

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EKG
Carotid Ultrasound
Echocardiogram

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EKG may show atrial fibrillation

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Carotid Ultrasound will show if there is

stenosis (narrowing of the blood vessel)
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Echocardiogram detects if any thrombus

(blood clot) within the heart chambers
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Chest X-ray
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Blood work - Labs

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Any labs may be ordered,

Lipid Profile (checking your

cholesterol level) is done
on all patients.

Recognize the Symptoms of a

Stroke
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3 Simple

Questions
Ask the person to
smile

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Ask the person to

raise both arms
Ask the person to
say a simple
sentence The sky
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in
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ACT IN TIME
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Stroke is a medical emergency.

Every minute counts when

someone is having a stroke. The
longer blood flow is cut off to the
brain, the greater the damage.
Immediate treatment can save
people's lives and enhance their
chances for successful recovery

tPA (Tissue Plasminogen

Activator)
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is a clot-busting drug
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Ischemic strokes, the most

common type of strokes,
can be treated with a drug
called t-PA, that dissolves
blood clots obstructing
blood flow to the brain.

TIME IS BRAIN
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Time is very important in order to

receive this medication

Window of opportunity to start

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treating stroke patients is three

hours, but to be evaluated and
receive treatment, patients need to
get to the hospital within 60
minutes.

Medications
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Aspirin
Aggrenox
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Plavix
Blood pressure

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medication if
appropriate
Cholesterol lowering
medicines if needed

Hospital Treatment for Stroke

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Medical Management
Dietary
Physical & Occupational
Therapy
Speech Therapy if indicated
Nursing

Hospital Treatment for Stroke

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Rehabilitation
Physical Medicine
Consult
Determine what type of
therapy best for patient
Rehab Unit
Subacute Rehab
Extended Care Facility
Home Care with PT/OT

Discharge Planning
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Starts upon admission to the

hospital

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Consult social worker or care

coordinator to help identify discharge
needs
Provide patient/family with Stroke
education
Stroke Support Group meetings

Can you SPOT a Stroke?

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This is the end of the program

Do you have any questions??

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THANK YOU.
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