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1. The document outlines the key principles of classical realism and neorealism. Classical realism sees states primarily motivated by self-interest and power, with little role for morality in foreign policy. Neorealism argues the anarchic structure of the international system is the primary driver of state behavior, pushing states to pursue power for security under self-help constraints.
2. The document compares the work of E.H. Carr, who saw national interests as inherently clashing, to Hans Morgenthau's attempt to establish political science principles like states defining interest as power. It also covers Kenneth Waltz's neorealism which focuses on how the anarchic system shapes similar security-seeking behavior among
1. The document outlines the key principles of classical realism and neorealism. Classical realism sees states primarily motivated by self-interest and power, with little role for morality in foreign policy. Neorealism argues the anarchic structure of the international system is the primary driver of state behavior, pushing states to pursue power for security under self-help constraints.
2. The document compares the work of E.H. Carr, who saw national interests as inherently clashing, to Hans Morgenthau's attempt to establish political science principles like states defining interest as power. It also covers Kenneth Waltz's neorealism which focuses on how the anarchic system shapes similar security-seeking behavior among
1. The document outlines the key principles of classical realism and neorealism. Classical realism sees states primarily motivated by self-interest and power, with little role for morality in foreign policy. Neorealism argues the anarchic structure of the international system is the primary driver of state behavior, pushing states to pursue power for security under self-help constraints.
2. The document compares the work of E.H. Carr, who saw national interests as inherently clashing, to Hans Morgenthau's attempt to establish political science principles like states defining interest as power. It also covers Kenneth Waltz's neorealism which focuses on how the anarchic system shapes similar security-seeking behavior among
Understanding Classical Realism and Neorealism 1. Introducing history and distinctive concepts of classical realism. 2. Introducing neorealist principles.
Classical or Traditional Realism
1. Ancient roots Thucydides. Realist Athenians vs. utopian Melians. Strong always win over the weak. Lesson: tragedy befalls those who rely on hope, justice, and supposed friends.
Classical or Traditional Realism
2. Classical realism (20th Century). 1. E.H. Carr The Twenty Years Crisis. Critique of liberal utopianism dominant after WWI. Response to failure of League of Nations and collective security. Creators of League: if you believe in something enough, it will come true.
Classical or Traditional Realism
1. E.H. Carr The Twenty Years Crisis (continued). In reality, nations selfish concerns dominate. Aggressive actions by states are fully rational and natural.
Classical or Traditional Realism
1. E.H. Carr The Twenty Years Crisis (continued). Need to analyze politics objectively as it is, not as it should be. Clash among national interests inevitable. Only way to minimize war is balance of power among states.
Classical or Traditional Realism
2. Hans Morgenthau Politics Among Nations (1948). 1. First attempt at realist textbook. 2. Trying to create science of international politics. 3. Level of analysis: More emphasis on human nature than structure of system itself.
Classical or Traditional Realism
Morgenthaus 6 principles of political realism: 1. Politics governed by objective laws with roots in human nature. 2. Interest defined as power. 3. Forms of state power will vary with time and place, but interest defined as power will remain constant.
Classical or Traditional Realism
Morgenthaus 6 principles of political realism: 4. Political action has moral consequences, but morality cannot guide action. 5. There is no universally agreed set of moral principles. 6. Political sphere is autonomous from legal, moral, or economic spheres. Politics deals with power.
Conclusion: What principles
do classical realists share? 1. Must look at world as it is, not as it ought to be. 2. Interest of states and leaders is power. 3. Ambition for power comes more from human nature than structure of system. 4. Moral claims or arguments about justice have no place in foreign policy. 5. These principles are permanent aspects of international politics.
Neorealism Waltz, Theory of
International Politics (1979) Principles of neorealism: 1. To explain international system, must create system-level theory. 1. Units of system (states) functionally similar. 2. International politics different from domestic politics.
Neorealism Waltz, Theory of
International Politics (1979) Principles of neorealism: 2. Anarchy central defining aspect of system. Consequences: 1. Self-help cannot rely on others. 2. Uncertainty attack always possible. Anarchic system drive for power to attain security.
Neorealism Waltz, Theory of
International Politics (1979) Principles of neorealism: Consequences of anarchy lead to: 1. Drive for power to attain security. No assumptions about human nature necessary.
2. States behaving similarly under
similar constraints.
Neorealism Waltz, Theory of
International Politics (1979) Principles of neorealism: 3. Search for power has limits states really seek security. 1. Excessive power grab can prompt security dilemma.
Neorealism Waltz, Theory of
International Politics (1979) Principles of neorealism: 4. Alliance behaviour: 1. States will always balance rather than bandwagon in alliances. 2. Bipolar systems more stable than multipolar systems.
Symbols of Class Status Author(s) : Erving Goffman Source: The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Dec., 1951), Pp. 294-304 Published By: On Behalf of Stable URL: Accessed: 25/10/2013 14:13