ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY

ET101
BY:
MOHD SHAHAROM IDRIS
JKE, PTSS

UNIT ASSOCIATED WITH BASIC ELECTRICAL

QUANTITIES

What do we covered in this unit?

SI units, Charges, Force, Work, Power, Electrical Potential and

e.m.f, Resistance and conductance, Electrical power and
energy, Summary of terms, unit and their symbols.

SI Unit
Definition : SI unit is the modern form of the

metric system and is generally a system of

units of measurement devised around seven
base units and the convenience of the number ten.

Scientific notation to represent quantities.

Scientific notation also known as standard

form or as exponential notation, is a way of

writing numbers that accommodates values too large
or small to be conveniently written in standard
decimal notation.
In scientific notation all numbers are written like

this:
a 10b

How can we use it?

Convert this,
1000m = ?

1kilometer

In scientific notation, we write it like this,

1 x 103 m
Therefore, 103 is kilo. The symbol for kilo is k.
Thats why, we can understand 1kilometer is 1km.

Do this
What is
a) 129km in scientific notation.
b) 24 x 104 m in km
c) 3.3 x104V in kV.
d) 250GB in scientific notation.
e) 250mA represent by..

Unit of charge
Coulomb - C (unit for electric charge)

The standard unit of quantity in electrical

measurements. It is the quantity of electricity
conveyed in one second by the current produced by an
electro-motive force of one volt acting in a circuit
having a resistance of one ohm, or the quantity
transferred by one ampere in one second.

Q=It

Unit of work or energy (J)

Unit of work or energy is Joule (J).
Where one joule is one newton meter. It is define as

the work done or energy transferred when a force of

one newton is exerted through a distance of one metre
in the direction of the force.

W=Fs
F is the force in newton. S is the distance in meter
moved by the body in the direction of the force

Unit of power
Unit of power is Watt (W).
One watt is one joule per second. Power is defined as

the rate of doing work or transferring energy.

P= W
t
W is the work done or energy transferred in joules
and t is time in second.

Electromotive Force -emf

The emf represents energy per unit charge (voltage)

which has been made available by the generating

mechanism and is not a "force".

e.m.f (electromotive force) or electrical potential

Electromotive Force is the energy supplied by a

source of electric power in driving a unit charge

around the circuit. The unit is the volt.
A difference in charge between two points in a
material can be created by an external energy source
such as a battery. This causes electrons to move so
that there is an excess of electrons at one point and a
deficiency of electrons at a second point. This
difference in charge is stored as electrical potential
energy known as emf. It is the emf that causes a
current to flow through a circuit.

volts = watt
amperes
= joules
coulombs

= joules/second =
joules
amperes ampere seconds

Resistance
The opposition of a body or substance to current

passing through it, resulting in a change of electrical

energy into heat or another form of energy.
Unit for resistance is Ohm.
Symbol for Ohm is .
Symbol for resistance is R.

Current
The time rate of flow of electric charge.
Electrical current is a measure of the amount of

electrical charge transferred per unit time

Unit for current is Ampere or Amp.
Symbol for current is I.

Conductance
Conductance is an expression of the ease with which

electric current flows through a substance. In

equations, conductance is symbolized by the
uppercase letter G. The standard unit of conductance
is the siemens (abbreviated S), formerly known as
themho.

G= 1 / R

Electrical Power
When a direct current of I amperes is flowing in an

electric circuit and the voltage across the circuit is V

volts, then
power, in watts,
P=IV

Electrical energy
Electrical energy = Power x time

= VIt Joules.
Although the unit of energy is the joule, when dealing
with large amounts of energy, the unit used is the
kilowatt hour (kWh) where
1kWh= 1000 watt hour.
= 1000 x 3600 watt seconds or joules
= 3 600 000 J.

Summary
Quantity Quantity Symbol Unit
Unit Symbol
Length
l
meter
m
Mass
mkilogram
kg
Time
t
second
s
Velocity
v
meter per second
m/s
Acceleration a
meter per second squared m/s-2
Electrical charge Q
coulombC
Resistance R
ohm

Conductance G
siemen
S

volt
V
Potential Difference
volt
V
Work
W
joule
J
Energy
E or W joule
J
Power
P
watt
W
Electromotive force

E
V

Exercise
1. If a current of 5 A ows for 2 minutes, nd the
quantity of electricity transferred.
2. A portable machine requires a force of 200N to
moveit. How much work is done if the machine is
moved 20 m and whataverage power is utilized if the
movement takes 25 s?
3. A mass of 1000 kg is raised through a height of 10 m
in 20 s. What is
(a) the work done
(b) the power developed

4. Find the conductance of a conductor of resistance

(a) 10, (b) 5 k and (c) 100 m?
5. A source e.m.f. of 5 V supplies a current of 3 A for 10
minutes. How much energy is provided in this time?
6. An electric heater consumes 1.8 MJ when
connectedto a 250V supply for 30minutes. Find the
power rating of theheater and the current taken from
the supply?

Answer
1. Quantity of electricity Q= It coulombs
I=5 A, t=2 x 60 =120 s
Hence, Q= 5x 120=600 C
2. Work done= force x distance= 200 Nx 20
m=4000 Nm or 4 kJ
Power=work done = 4000 J = 160 Js =160W
time taken
25 s

3. (a)Work done= force x distance and force = mass

x acceleration

Hence, work done= (1000 kgx 9.81 m/s2)x (10 m)

=98100 Nm = 98.1 kNm or 98.1 kJ
(b) Power= work done = 98100 J=4905J/s =4905W= 4.905 kW
time taken 20 s
4.

5. Energy = power x time and power = voltage x power

hence,
Energy = VIt = 5 x 3 (10x 60)= 9000Ws or J.
= 9kJ.
6. Power rating of heater is (1.8 x 106 )/(60x30) = 1kW.
Power, P= IV, thus I= P / V ,
I=1kW / 250V = 4A.

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