SCIENCE UPSR

Constructing Test Items

Component of Item
Type of item
Multiple Choice Question (MCQ)
Subjective
Stem
Responds
Key answer
Distracters

The Component of a MCQ Test Item

9. Diagram 1 shows small plants in a closed bottle

What will happen if a garden snail is put into the bottle ?

A.
B.
C.
D.

The garden snail supplies fertilizer

The soil in the bottle dries up faster
The number of garden snails increases rapidly
The number of small plants decreases rapidly

Stimuli

Stem
Distracter
Answer Key

STIMULI
The specific information where the question focus
on.
The stimuli may contain
Statement, diagram, flowchart, dialog, ect.

10
10CONSTRUCTS
CONSTRUCTSIN
IN
SCIENCE
SCIENCEUPSR
UPSREVALUATION
EVALUATION
KNOWLEDGE

1. Fact
2. Terminology
3. Method
4. Sequence
5. Classifying
6. Principle

UNDERSTAND

7. Translation
8. Interpreting
9. Extrapolation

INTELECTUAL
SKILL

10. Application

Element 1
KNOWLEDGE
Ability to recall information
Ability to identify the specific element
1. Fact

2. Terminology

4. Sequence 5. Classifying

3. Method
6. Principle

Element 2
UNDERSTANDING
Ability to know what has been communicate.
Ability to use the idea that has been
communicate without using any extra
knowledge.
1. Translation

2. Interpreting

3. Extrapolation

Element
INTELECTUAL SKILL
Ability to use the knowledge and
understanding to the new situation or
problem.
1. Application

Element 1

KNOWLEDGE

1. FACT

Ability to recall information.

2. TERMINOLOGY

Define the terminology or explain the uses of

terminology in communication.

3. METHOD

How to handle things, method of investigation or

procedure used in certain area.

4. SEQUENCE

Rearrange accordingly, such as experiment,

processes, direction, flow and motion ect.

5. CLASSIFYING

Ability to classified sets and subsets

6. PRINCIPLE

Main ideas, scheme or pattern used for arranging

or formation of phenomena.

Element 2

UNDERSTANDING

1. TRANSLATION

To translate through observation in rewriting a

communication from one to another form.
To change an information to symbols or formulas.
To change the language to scientific term.

2. INTERPRATING

Rearrange a communication given by using new

ideas or information.
To present in the form of communication such as
verbal, graphic, graph, table or chart without
changing the original content.

3. EXTRAPOLATION

Making early conclusions from observations,

knowledge or experiences.
Making forecast from sets of data or graph
Making expectation from cause and action in a set
of communication.

Element 3

INTELECTUAL SKILL
Ability to use the knowledge, understanding
and other skills in a new situations.

1. APPLICATION

The solution cannot be done just by recall only.

Involve mental activities such as Identify task and
what is needed, choose what to use, rearrange in
easier form to solve the problem.

Element 1:
1.

Knowledge

Construct : Fact

Diagram 7 shows an investigation about the conductor of electric current.

The bulb in the circuit lights up. What is liquid X ?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Cooking oil
Sugar solution
Distilled water
Lime juice

Knowledge
Terminology
Element 1:

Construct :

2. What is meant by preservation ?

A. A struggle to acquire limited basic need
B. A condition where various species are extinct from the Earth
C. To maintain the condition of habitats so that living things can
live naturally
D. To care for something by improving it towards its original state
to avoid extinction

Element 1:

Knowledge

Construct :

Method
3. A group of student are investigating of a plant growth. Which of
the following should be done?
I Measure the height of the plant
II Count the number of leaves
II Count the number of flowers
III Measure the perimeter of the stem
A

I and III only

I, II and IV only

II, III and IV only

I, II, III, and IV

Knowledge
Sequence
Element 1:

Construct :

4. Table 2 shows the steps in recycling waste.

P The waste is separated based on respective categories
Q

Machine are used to crush the waste

The separated waste is sent to the factory for processing

The waste is processed to get new products

Choose the correct sequence

A.
B.
C.
D.

P, S, R, Q
P, R, Q, S
Q, R, S, P
S, P, Q, R

Knowledge
Classifying
5. The following information
Element 1:

shows how animals of type P

and type Q protect themselves
from enemies.
P : Live in groups
Q : Camouflaging

Construct :

Element 1:

Knowledge

Principle
6.

Construct :

Diagram 11 shows the characteristics of process X.

What is process X ?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Melting
Boiling
Evaporation
Vaporization

Element 2:
6.

Understanding

Construct : Translation

Table 3 shows the temperature condition found within different layers of the earth.
Layer of
the earth
K
L
M
N

Temperature
conditions

Extremely
hot
Cold
Very cold
Very hot
TABLE 3

Which of the following bar

charts represents table 3 ?

Element 2:
8.

Understanding

Construct : Interpreting

Diagram 9 shows an investigation about frictional force.

Table 1 shows the result of the investigation.
Surface

Distance Traveled

Tarred

4 cm

Sand
paper

7 cm

Mirror

10 cm

What is the conclusion of the investigation ?

A. The tarred surface has the greatest frictional force
B. The mirror surface has the greatest frictional force
C. As the frictional force increases the toy car moves further
D. The frictional force on the sand paper surface is greater than
that on the tarred surface

Knowledge
Construct :
Extrapolation
9. Diagram 1 shows small plants in a closed bottle
Element 2:

What will happen if a garden snail is put into the bottle ?

A.
B.
C.
D.

The garden snail supplies fertilizer

The soil in the bottle dries up faster
The number of garden snails increases rapidly
The number of small plants decreases rapidly

Intellectual Skill Construct :

Application
2. Diagram 13 shows an adjustable windows
Element 3:

It is difficult to close the windows. What should be done to the

windows shutter ?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Paint it
Oil it
Wash it with water
Rub it with sand paper

SUBJECTIVE QUESTION

SCIENTIFIC SKILL
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

State a reasonable explanation from observation

State other reasonable explanation from observation.
State additional observation for the inferences
State what will happened by using data or previous
information.
Stat what will happened by extrapolating data
State the meaning of data or information gathered.
State the trend of the data gathered.

SCIENTIFIC SKILL
8. State the relationship between variables.
9. Making conclusion from information gathered
10.State variables involved in an experiment.
11.State the manipulated variable
12.State the responding variables
13.State the constant variables
14.Suggest explanation for relationship of variables.
15.Give explanation base on science principle or previous
knowledge

Part B Skill
A. Inference
C1 1. Reasonable explanation
C2 2. Other reasonable
explanation
C3 3. Additional observation

D. Controlling Variables
C10 1. State the variables
C11 2. Manipulated
C12 3. Responding
C13 4. Constant

B. Predict
C4 1.What will happened
C5 2. Extrapolating data

E. Hypothesis
C14 1. Explain the relationship
C15 2. Science principle

C. Interpreting Data
C6 1. The meaning of data
gathered
C7 2. The trend of the data
C8 3. Relationship between
variables
C9 4. Making conclusion

A. INFERENCE
Siti has two rubber bands, X and Y. X and Y are of the same length. She carries
out an investigation using the two rubber bands. Each rubber band is hung with
an identical cup. Diagram 3.1 shows the result of the investigation.

C1, C2
(a)

State two inferences about the

length of rubber band Y

C3
(b) Write one observation to support your inferences in 3 (a).

B. PREDICT
C4
(d) Another magnet is attached to the magnet in diagram 2.1 as shown in
diagram 2.2

Predict the number of paper clips attracted towards Q.

B. PREDICT
Diagram 4 shows an investigation carried out at a particular place in Penang.

C5: Extrapolating Data

(c) Predict the length of
the shadows at 6.00
p.m.

C. INTERPRATING
DATA
Diagram 1 shows information gathered in an investigation.
C6: The Meaning of The Data Gathered

(a) What is the aim of the investigation ?

C. INTERPRATING
DATA
When eight tissue paper are moistened, their total weight is 200 g.
The tissue papers are put to dry and their weights are recorded every hour.
The result of the investigation is recorded in the table below

C7: The Trend of The Data

(a) What is the trend of change in the total weight of the tissue papers
during the investigation ?

C. INTERPRATING
DATA
In an experiment a pupil uses several paper clips and a magnet.
The magnet is labeled at three different position, P, Q and R.
Diagram 2.1 shows the result of the experiment

C9: Making Conclusion

(a) What conclusion can be made from the experiment ?

C. INTERPRATING
DATA
Diagram 4 shows an investigation carried out at a particular place in Penang.

C8: Relationship between

variables
(d) State the relationship
between the position of
the sun and the direction
of the shadow.

D. CONTROLING VARIABLES
Diagram 4 shows an investigation carried out at a particular place in Penang.

West

East

West

East

West

East

West

East

C10: State The Variables

(a) State two variables in the investigation.

D. CONTROLING VARIABLES
Diagram 1 shows information gathered in an investigation.
Apais Estate

Johans Estate

7m

3m

3m

Average: 200 mangoes per tree

7m

Average: 300 mangoes per tree

C11: Manipulated Variables

(a) State the manipulated variable in the investigation
C12: Responding Variables
(a) State responding variable in this investigation
C13: Constant Variables
(a) State one constant variable in this investigation.

E. MAKING HYPOTHESIS
When eight tissue paper are moistened, their total weight is 200 g.
The tissue papers are put to dry and their weights are recorded every hour.
The result of the investigation is recorded in the table below

C14: Explain the Relationship

(c) Suggest one hypothesis based on the trend stated in 4 (b)

E. MAKING HYPOTHESIS
Siti heats rubber band X as shown in diagram 3.2

C15: Science Principle

(c) After heating, it is found that rubber band X has elongated to 30 cm.
Write one hypothesis based on the information.

SCIENCE UPSR YEAR 6

The Moving Object

How To Arrange The Apparatus ?

TRACK

INCLINE

BALL

WOODEN BLOCK

1. Surface

1. Height

1. Size

1. Height

2. Length

2. Length

2. Weight

2. Number

3. Surface

3. Diameter

4. Angle

4. Radius

What to
Change ?

5. Circumference
BALL

INCLINE
WOODEN BLOCK

TRACK

What to
Observe ?

Distance travelled
Time taken
Speed

THE VARIABLES IN THE FAIR TEST

Manipulated Variables
The
The height
height of
of the
the wooden
wooden block
block
The
The number
number of
of the
the wooden
wooden block
block
The
The size
size of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The weight
weight of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The diameter
diameter of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The radius
radius of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The circumference
circumference of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The height
height of
of the
the incline
incline plane
plane
The
The length
length of
of the
the incline
incline plane
plane
The
The surface
surface of
of the
the incline
incline plane
plane
The
The angle
angle of
of the
the incline
incline plane
plane
The
The surface
surface of
of the
the track
track
13
The
The length
length of
of the
the track
track

Responding Variables
The distance travelled
The time taken by the ball
The speed of the ball

THE VARIABLES IN THE FAIR TEST

Manipulated Variables
The
The height
height of
of the
the wooden
wooden block
block
The
The number
number of
of the
the wooden
wooden block
block
The
The size
size of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The weight
weight of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The diameter
diameter of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The radius
radius of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The circumference
circumference of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The height
height of
of the
the incline
incline plane
plane
The
The length
length of
of the
the incline
incline plane
plane
The
The surface
surface of
of the
the incline
incline plane
plane
The
The angle
angle of
of the
the incline
incline plane
plane
The
The surface
surface of
of the
the track
track
13
The
The length
length of
of the
the track
track

Responding Variables
The distance traveled
The time taken by the ball
The speed of the ball

The higher the wooden

block the furthur the
distance travelled by the
ball
Fair Test

THE VARIABLES IN THE FAIR TEST

Manipulated Variables
The
The height
height of
of the
the wooden
wooden block
block
The
The number
number of
of the
the wooden
wooden block
block
The
The size
size of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The weight
weight of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The diameter
diameter of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The radius
radius of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The circumference
circumference of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The height
height of
of the
the incline
incline
The
The length
length of
of the
the incline
incline
The
The surface
surface of
of the
the incline
incline
The
The angle
angle of
of the
the incline
incline
The
The surface
surface of
of the
the track
track
13
The
The length
length of
of the
the track
track

Responding Variables
The distance traveled
The time taken by the ball
The speed of the ball

The more the weight of the

ball the less the time taken
by the ball
Fair Test

THE VARIABLES IN THE FAIR TEST

Manipulated Variables
The
The height
height of
of the
the wooden
wooden block
block
The
The number
number of
of the
the wooden
wooden block
block
The
The size
size of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The weight
weight of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The diameter
diameter of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The radius
radius of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The circumference
circumference of
of the
the ball
ball
The
The height
height of
of the
the incline
incline
The
The length
length of
of the
the incline
incline
The
The surface
surface of
of the
the incline
incline
The
The angle
angle of
of the
the incline
incline
The
The surface
surface of
of the
the track
track
13
The
The length
length of
of the
the track
track

Responding Variables
The distance traveled
The time taken by the ball
The speed of the ball

The bigger the angle of

inclination the more the
speed of the ball
Fair Test

Fair Test 1
Aim:

Variables:
Table:

To investigate the relationship between the

height of the block and the distance travelled by
the ball
MV: The height of the block
RV: The distance travelled (by the ball)
Height of The Block
Distance Travelled

Constant:

All variables that has been listed before except

the height of the block and the distance travelled
by the ball

Fair Test 2
Title:

Variables:
Table:

To investigate the relationship between the

weight of the ball and the time taken by the ball
to reach the ground
MV: The weight of the ball
RV: The time taken
Weight of The Ball
Time Taken

Constant:

All variables that has been listed before except

the weight of the ball and the time taken by the
ball