HOW TO MAKE GOOD

TITLE, KEY WORDS,

AND ABSTRACT

TITLE

DESCRIBE ENTIRE TEXT, specific (bs menjawab 4 W, 1 H)

SIMPLE, NOT TOO LONG (16-23 WORDS)

Bisa pake subjudul

NOT USING ABBREVIATION

NOT INTERROGATIVE, BUT MORE LIKE IN NETRAL WORDS /

SITUATION

EXAMPLE :

The New Generation Drugs of Glaucoma are less effective than

the first generation

Date and Place depends on the purpose of the research

Example :

Bacterial endophthalmitis prophylaxis for cataract surgery in RS

Wahidin Sudirohusodo

Incidence of Endophtalmitis post cataract surgery in RS wahidin

Sudirohusodo from 2005-2010

- Clinical Profile of Endophtalmitis patient post cataract surgery in

RS wahidin sudirohosudo from 2010-2014

KEYWORDS

MODERN TIMES Sophisticated search engines and indexing

services they need keywords to do their job.

3-6 words

keywords expand the Title , Guide the readers to find the paper.

Title keywords. the function of keywords is to supplement the

information given in the title. Words in the title are automatically
included in indexes, and keywords serve as additional pointers.

If the paper focuses on a particular region (geographic, climatic,

etc.), use that as a keyword (RS Wahidin, Makassar, Sulawesi
Selatan, etc2).

Consider the experimental material and techniques, which may

suggest suitable keywords (phacoemulsification, SICS, ECCE,
etc).

Use specific phenomena or issues as keywords

(endophtalmitis,keratitis,etc).

ABSTRACT, WHY IT IS
IMPORTANT ??

Condensed and concentrated version of the text

only part of the paper that is published

for the vast majority of readers, the paper does not exist
beyond its abstract

Limited (200-250 words)

SECTIONS OF AN ABSTRACT
1. BACKGROUND

/
INTRODUCTION

Shortest section

The longer background section less space for the results.

WHILE the readers interested in its findings, and not its
background.
What is already known about the subject, related to the paper in
question
What is not known about the subject and hence what the study
intended to examine (or what the paper seeks to present)

2. METHODS

second-longest section

should contain enough information to enable the reader to

understand what was done, and how.

3. RESULTS

most important part

nothing should compromise its range and quality.

Should contain :

The number of patiens who completed the study

Drop out rates in the different groups in the study (drop out due to adverse
events of treatment studies must be explained)

Result of analysis of primary objectives (expressed in words, along with P

value, and % )

Result of analysis of more important seconday objectives (expressed in

words, along with P value, and % )

 Numerical

information of above analyses

(means, Standard deviation, response rate,
remission rate, effect sizes , relative risk,
numbers needed to treat, OR SIMILAR
STATISTIC along with confidence interval for
each)

Important

negative findings (findings that fail

to support authors hypotheses)

Important

adverse events

4. CONCLUSIONS
take-home
a

message of the study,

few precisely worded sentences.

relates

to the primary outcome measure; however,

other important or unexpected findings should also
be mentioned.

It

is also customary, but not essential, for the authors

to express an opinion about the theoretical or
practical implications of the findings, or the
importance of their findings for the field.

 Despite

its necessary brevity, this section has

the most impact on the average reader
because readers generally trust authors and
take their assertions at face value. For this
reason, the conclusions should also be
scrupulously honest; and authors should not
claim more than their data demonstrate.

Unnecessary content

It goes without saying that whatever is present in the abstract

must also be present in the text. Likewise, whatever errors
should not be made in the text should not appear in the abstract

As already mentioned, the abstract is the only part of the paper

that the vast majority of readers see. Therefore, it is critically
important for authors to ensure that their enthusiasm or bias
does not deceive the reader; unjustified speculations could be
even more harmful. Misleading readers could harm the
cause of science and have an adverse impact on patient
care.

Some journals include additional sections, such as

Objectives (between Background and Methods) and
Limitations (at the end of the abstract)

Reference

Andrade C. How to write a good abstract for a scientific paper or

conference presentation. Indian J Psychiatry 2011;53:172-5

Mack, C. (2012). How to write a good scientific paper: title,

abstract, and keywords. J.Micro / Nanolith.MEMS MOEMS, 11(2),
1-4.