TYPHOON

Causes and
mechanisms,
impacts and
effects, and

What is Typhoon?
Tropical Cyclonesthat develops in the
north-western part of thePacific Ocean
between180and100E.
In the Philippines, tropical cyclones
(typhoons) are called bagyo. The term
bagyo, a Filipino word meaning typhoon
arose after a 1911 storm in the city of
Baguio had a record rainfall of 46 inches
within a 24-hour period..

Typhoons are categorized into five:

Category 1 - Tropical Depression
-sustains winds between 119 and 153
km/hour (km/h). It is the first notable stage in
the formation of a hurricane.(Morakot)
Category 2 - Tropical Storm (TS)
- has winds between 154 and 177 km/h.
-a tropical storm is a system of intense
thunderstorms that progressively intensifies.
Category 3 - Strong Typhoon
-A strong typhoon is a system of low pressure
and intense winds (between 178 and 209
km/h).(Maemi-South Korea)

 Category 4 - Intense Typhoon (or

Hurricane)
-An intense typhoon sustains high
winds of 210 to 249 km/h and is classified
as a category-5 storm, which carries the
highest element of risk.
Category 5 - Violent Typhoon
-A violent typhoon is characterized by
winds exceeding 249 km/h.

 Variability in Activity
On an annual time scale, activity
reaches a minimum in February,
before increasing steadily
through June, and spiking from
July through October, with
September being the most active
month for tropical cyclones in the
Philippines. Activity falls off
significantly in November.

List of Philippine Typhoon

(1970-2011)
Name

Period
of
occurre
October
nce
1115,1970
August
o7-14,
1987
Novemb
er 10-14,
1990

Deaths

Harurot
(Imbudo)
Unding
(Muifa)

Sening
(Joan)
Herming
(betty)
Ruping
(Mike)

768

Damage
(in
billion)
10.7

Highest
wind
speed in
280
kph

Areas most
affected

94

39.9

260

748

18.2

285

Cebu

July 1324,2003

64

3.87

240

Cagayan
Valley,CARIloc
os region

Novemb
er 1426,2004

69

3.87

240

Bicol Region,
MIMAROPA

Bicol
region,calabar
zon
Samar, Bicol
Region
C

Milenyo (Xangsane)-2006
Frank (Fengshen) 2008
Ondoy (Ketsana) 2009
Bebeng (Aere) 2011
Ambo (Mawar) 2012

These are the ff. typhoons hits in the

Philippines (2012)

AMBO
BUTCHOY
COSME
DINDO
ENTENG
FRANK
GENER
HELEN
IGME
SIONY
TONYO
YOYONG
ZOSIMO

JULIAN
KAREN
LAWIN
MARCE
NINA
OFEL
PABLO
QUINTA
ROLLY
ULYSSES
VICKY
WARREN

CAUSES OF TYPHOON
TRANSFORMATION
Pre-conditions and
Conditions of Typhoons

PRE-CONDITIONS OF
TYPHOON
FORMATION

MONSOON
TROUGH
This is an extension
of the Inter- Tropical
Convergence Zone
where cyclonic spin
has developed. The
ITCZ is a trough is a
low pressure created
by the convergence
of the northeast and

TROPICAL
UPPER
TROPOSPHERI
C TROUGH
The typical
low pressure
center that
forms a typhoon
starts at the
lower levels and
is warm
compared to its
environment.

FRONT
Stall over tropical
water.
A front has a
cyclonic spin
associated with it.
If winds aloft
become favorable
with little wind
shear, showers
and storms could
become more
numerous and
cause a typhoon
to form.

MESOSCALE
CONVECTIVE
SYSTEM
These organized
clusters of storms
can move off a
continental
landmass and
drift over warm
waters. If they
already contain a
small vortex in
the cluster, this
may make to
region even more

7 BASINS WHERE TROPICAL CYCLONE

DEVELOPS
NORTH ATLANTIC
EASTERN NORTH
OCEAN
PACIFIC OCEAN
June 1- November 30.
May 15 - November
The most active
30. This is the second
period runs from
most active region for
about mid August
tropical cyclones in
through the latter part
the world. These
of October.
storms mostly move
into the open eastern
( Caribbean, Bermuda,
Pacific Ocean but can
Central America etc.)
affect western Mexico
and sometimes after
developing, Hawaii.

 ARABIAN SEA
( Severe Cyclonic
Storm)
April 1 - December
30. This basin has a
double maximum
because of the
monsoon trough
moving through at
two different times of
the year.
SOUTHWEST PACIFIC
OCEAN (STC)
October 15 - May 1.
These tropical

NORTHWEST
PACIFIC
OCEAN(Typhoon)
All year. This is the
most active basin in
the world. Most
typhoons form
between July through
November. The
tropical cyclones that
form here can affect
the Philippines,
Southeast Asia
including China and
Taiwan, and Japan.

 SOUTHEAST INDEAN
OCEAN ( STC)
October 15 - May.
These tropical
cyclones may affect
northern and western
Australia. This basin
has a double
maximum in mid
January, and mid
February through
early March.

SOUTHWEST INDIAN
OCEAN ( TC)
October 15 - May 15.
These tropical
cyclones may affect
Madagascar and
south-eastern Africa.
A double maximum
occurs in mid January
and mid February
through early March.

THE LIFE OF A TYPHOON

THE FOUR STAGES OF
THE LIFE OF A
TYPHOON

FORMATIVE
STAGE
IMMATURE STAGE
MATURE STAGE
DECAYING STAGE

EFFECTS OF
TYPHOON

BUILDINGS AND
INFRASTRUCTURE

The two most destructive

forces associated with
typhoons are wind and rain.
According to the Green Fun
website, typhoon winds can
affect buildings and other
structures in two ways:
through direct force and
through projectiles. The
heavy and persistent
rainfall that typhoons bring
can also have devastating
effects. In addition to
making homes
uninhabitable, the flooding
associated with typhoons
can make roads
impassable, which can

TREES AND VEGETATION

WATERCRAFT AND WATER

OPERATIONS

L
I
F
E

ECONOMICAL EFFECTS
Different countries experience different types of
natural calamities. US are known for
experiencing devastating hurricanes while
Japan is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis.
The Philippines, on the other hand, has had its
fair share of typhoons and tropical storms.
Aside from Ondoy, our country has experienced
several devastating typhoons. In the table
below, we summarize some of the most
financially-damaging typhoons that our country
has dealt with

EFFECT ON THE STOCK

MARKET
Aside from the economic effects of
typhoons and floods, we also want to
show the effect of natural disasters on
the stock market. A few days after
typhoons Milenyo and Ondoy, the PSE
Index was slightly down compared to
where it was before the typhoons
occurred. Similarly, the PSE Index is down
0.4 percent, on lethargic trading, three
days after the peak of the recent rains
and floods.

IMPACTS
FISCAL
IMPACTS

Natural disasters can have

important implications for
public finance. Disasters are
likely to result in additional
expenditure and/or the partial
reallocation of already
committed financial resources,
with implications for planned
investment and other
expenditures. Public revenue
may also decline as levels of
economic activity fall. In
consequence, a government
may face increasing budgetary
pressures which could in turn
increase levels of domestic
and/or external borrowing or
increasing the money supply,

M
I
T
I
G
A
T
I
O
N

 Know your enemy:

hazards and their
effects
Identifying which
these arethe
elements most at risk
indicates priorities for
mitigation.
Vulnerability
Tools, powers and
budgets.
PRECAUTIONARY
MEASURES
Natural Disaster
Reduction Assessment

POLICIES
Suspension of
Classes, Work and
Activities during
Typhoons
DepEd Order No. 28
series of 2005:
GUIDELINES ON THE
SUSPENSION OF CLASSES
WHEN TYPHOONS AND
OTHER CALAMITIES
OCCUR.
DEPED Order No. 50 s.
2007 with NDCC
Memorandum No.7 s.
2006.
Philippine Storm SIGNAL

CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIO
N and manmade, can
Naturaldisasters, both natural
and will occur, often with little or no warning. It has
tremendous effect not only physically but also on the
mental aspect of an individual especially the younger
ones. Disasters often strike without warning and
cause damages that limit or prevent an adequate
response. We have to commit ourselves to
understanding these hazards and to applying
techniques that reduce our vulnerability. We need to
explore the feasibility of concerted scientific and
engineering efforts in reducing the loss of life and
property through programs of public education and of
effective early warning system. The development of
warning systems with adequate range of monitoring
instruments for the purpose of collecting necessary
data and information for disaster evaluation is

 The development of warning systems with

adequate range of monitoring instruments for
the purpose of collecting necessary data and
information for disaster evaluation is necessary
for establishing relative potential risks.
Communicate knowledge for people to be
aware and get prepared on these hazards.
Through public education, introduce
precautionary measures to have public
awareness on preparedness against these
natural hazards. Disasters are inevitable,
predictable, and expected; we must be ready to
face them. The time has come to fully develop
technology for convenient and immediate
dissemination of warning system to the public.