Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
1) To finalize percentage of fly ash and metakaolin
to make ternary blended cement concrete.
2) To check workability of concrete by using
supplementary cementitious material by various
methods of workability and comparison to
conventional concrete.
3) Effect of ternary blended cement concrete in
flexural,compressive and split tensile strength of
concrete in comparison with conventional
concrete.
4) To select best combination of cementitious
material of fly ash and metakaolin
a. Fly Ash
1. Fly ash, also known as flue-ash, is one of the
residues generated in combustion, and comprises
the fine particles that rise with the flue gases.
2. Fly ash is produced from the combustion of
pulverized coal in industrial boilers or electric
utility boilers.
3. The physical and chemical characteristics of fly
ash depend on (i) combustion methods, (ii) coal
source, and (iii) particle shape.
4. There are basically two classes of fly ash as
defined by ASTM C618 as:1. Class F Fly ash
2. Class C Fly ash
b. Metakaolin
1. Metakaolin is classified as a new generation of
supplementary cementitous material. Supplementary
cementitious materials (SCMs) are finely ground solid
materials that are used to replace part of the clinker
in a cement or cement in a concrete mixture .
2. It is derived from a naturally occurring mineral Kaolin, and is manufactured specifically for
cementing applications.
3. Metakaolin is usually produced by thermal
treatment, i.e., calcination of kaolin clays within a
definite temperature range. The process is known as
dehydroxylation .
OPC(ultratech-53)
Fly- Ash
Metakaolin
dioxide
20.25
49-67
60-65
oxide
63.61
1-4
0.2-0.8
oxide
4.56
0.2-2
0.2-0.8
0.08
--------
0.5-1.2
Potassiumoxide(K2
0.51
--------
Loss on ignition
3.12
0.5-3.0
<1.4
Alumina (Al2O3)
-------
16-29
---------
Silicon
(SiO2)
Calcium
(CaO)
Magnesium
(MgO)
O)
Fly-ash
Metakaolin
100% cement
0%
0%
95%
90
10
85
15
80
20
95%
90
10
85
15
80
20
concrete
Conventional concrete
90
Fly-ash
Metakaolin
(by mass)
(by mass)
5
85
10
80
15
75
20
85
10
80
10
75
15
70
20
80
15
75
10
70
15
65
20
75
20
70
10
65
15
60
20
Slump of concrete
Workability
Conv.Concrete
89
0.89
70%
Medium
70%
workability
Medium
5 % FA
90
0.86
10 % FA
95
0.89
77%
workability
Good workability
15 % FA
107
0.92
90%
High workability
20 % FA
121
0.97
92%
High workability
5 % MK
78
0.85
75%
Medium
10 % MK
75
0.8
68%
workability
Low workability
15 % MK
67
0.76
65%
Low workability
20 % MK
58
0.75
59%
Poor workability
140
120
height in mm
100
80
60
40
20
0
5.000000000000001E-2
0.1
0.15000000000000016
0.2
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
% flow values
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0.05
0.1
0.15000000000000016
0.2
1.2
0.8
0.6
compaction factor values
0.4
0.2
0
0.05
0.1
0.15000000000000016
0.2
Mix Combination
Conv.Concrete
5%FA+5%MK
5%FA+10%MK
5%FA+15%MK
5%FA+20%MK
10%FA+5%MK
10%FA+10%MK
10%FA+15%MK
10%FA+20%MK
15%FA+5%MK
15%FA+10%MK
15%FA+15%MK
15%FA+20%MK
20%FA+5%MK
20%FA+10%MK
20%FA+15%MK
Slump of concrete
Compaction factor
Flow test
Workability
89
0.887
70%
Medium workability
66
0.87
79%
Medium workability
58
0.85
73%
Medium workability
50
0.77
65%
Low workability
42
0.75
58%
Poor workability
79
0.89
69%
Medium workability
68
0.83
74%
Medium workability
61
0.80
74%
Medium workability
45
0.76
62%
Low workability
113
0.92
89%
High workability
104
0.95
92%
High workability
89
0.86
73%
medium workability
81
0.84
70%
medium workability
120
0.97
94%
High workability
109
0.97
95%
High workability
93
0.90
76%
medium workability
87
0.85
75%
medium workability
140
120
100
80
60
40
20 % FA
20
15 % FA
10 % FA
0
0 % MK
5 % MK
5 % FA
10 % MK
15 % MK
0 % FA
20 % MK
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
20 % FA
0.2
15 % FA
0.1
10 % FA
0
0 % MK
5 % MK
5 % FA
10 % MK
15 % MK
0 % FA
20 % MK
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20 % FA
20
15 % FA
10
10 % FA
0
0 % MK
5 % MK
5 % FA
10 % MK
15 % MK
0 % FA
20 % MK
Replacement
(%)
Levels
7 days
28 days
PCC
25.78
32.44
41.78
5 % FA
23.56
35.56
41.33
10 % FA
22.89
34.22
40.44
15 % FA
21.78
32.22
38.67
20 % FA
20.89
30.67
37.78
5 % MK
25.56
33.33
42.22
10 % MK
27.11
35.11
44.89
15 % MK
28.22
36.44
47.11
50
45
40
35
compressive strength
30
25
3 days strength
20
15
7 days strength
10
28 days
strength
5
0
Split
Tensile
test result
28 days
1.
4.53
2.
4.84
3.
10
4.73
4.
15
4.56
5.
20
4.10
6.
3.75
split tensile
strength
Split
No.
Tensile
Strength
Fly
Ash
Cement
forMetakaolin
cement
for
3 days
7 days
28 days
28 days
1.
25.78
32.44
41.78
4.53
2.
24.56
34.45
41.78
3.89
3.
10
25.34
35.34
43.11
4.13
4.
15
25.89
38.67
49.78
4.67
5.
20
25.45
36.65
45.89
5.77
6.
10
24.22
34.78
41.33
5.45
7.
10
10
25.34
34.67
42.67
4.97
10
15
25.56
35.67
46.34
6.23
10
20
25.11
34.89
43.56
5.67
10
15
23.67
32.78
41.45
4.89
11
15
10
24.45
34.78
41.67
5.13
12
15
15
25.33
34.45
45.12
4.45
13
15
20
24.56
33.89
42.56
4.05
Comparative study of comp. strength of ternary blend for various durations of curing
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
compressive strength
15
10
5
0
split tensile
strength
5
4
Concrete designation
Conventional Conrete
6.39
5% by mass of FA
5.49
10% by mass of FA
5.46
15% by mass of FA
5.44
20% by mass of FA
4.70
5% by mass of MK
6.59
10% by mass of MK
6.93
15% by mass of MK
7.20
20% by mass of MK
6.39
Sr. No.
Concrete designation
Conventional Conrete
31
5% by mass of FA
34.5
10% by mass of FA
41
15% by mass of FA
47
20% by mass of FA
46.5
5% by mass of MK
55.5
10% by mass of MK
76
15% by mass of MK
81.5
20% by mass of MK
94
Concrete Grade
before blocks
after
30 concrete
immersion
(kg)
(%)
OPC
M40
8.130
8.750
7.085
5%MK
M40
8.180
8.560
4.439
10%MK
M40
8.230
8.600
4.302
15%MK
M40
8.195
8.550
4.152
20%MK
M40
8.200
8.500
3.529
5%FA
M40
8.310
8.650
3.931
10%FA
M40
8.180
8.560
4.439
15%FA
M40
8.124
8.520
4.126
20%FA
M40
8.115
8.510
4.223
Conclusion
From the study, it can be concluded that:
Metakaolin is an effective pozzolana and results in enhanced early strength and
ultimate strength of concrete.
At initial stages use of plasticizers were made and results regarding strength, split
tensile and workability were studied.
It was found that use of plasticizers gave nearly similar value of compressive
strength but split tensile slightly improved.
Placing and finishing concrete becomes easier because of the improved workability
from the spherically shaped fly ash particles. Lower slump concrete can be placed
more easily (and at lower water content) because of the plasticity provided by fly
ash spheres. Segregation and bleeding are reduced because of to the increased
cohesiveness of fly ash concrete, so form finish and sharpness of detail are
enhanced. And coarse, clean sands can be used in concretes utilizing fly ash and
still have good workability.
Various workability tests reveal that concrete used with fly-ash and metakaolin
provides quite better results against abrasive environments. The use of ternary
blend ensures lesser permeability which was proved by moisture test on hardened
concrete after 60 days.
The split tensile test results shows that though MK improves the compressive
strength but when FA was added as an admixture the split tensile was improved as
compared to OPC.
Thus it proves that when cement is blended with certain pozzolanic materials it
gives better results against durability and is safer than the normal cement concrete
.