Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Sunil Gupta
January 2011
Cognitive Bias
A cognitive bias is a pattern of poor
judgment, often triggered by a particular
situation.
The existence of most of the particular
cognitive biases listed has been verified in
psychology experiments.
Social biases.
Hindsight bias - sometimes called the "I-knew-it-allalong" effect, the tendency to see past events as being
predictable at the time those events happened.
(sometimes phrased as "Hindsight is 20/20").
Illusory correlation - inaccurately perceiving a
relationship between two events, either because of
prejudice or selective processing of information.
Just-world hypothesis the tendency for people to
want to believe that the world is fundamentally just,
causing them to rationalize an otherwise inexplicable
injustice as deserved by the victim(s).
Social biases
Most of these biases are labelled as attributional
biases - the way we determine who or what was
responsible for an event or action (attribution).
Actor-observer bias the tendency for
explanations of other individuals' behaviours to
overemphasize the influence of their personality
and underemphasize the influence of their
situation (see also Fundamental attribution error),
and for explanations of one's own behaviours to
do the opposite (that is, to overemphasize the
influence of our situation and underemphasize
the influence of our own personality).
Social biases
Social biases
Social biases
Social biases
Social biases
Further reading
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biase
s
Irrationality by Stuart Sutherland, Published by
Pinter & Martin Ltd; ISBN-10: 1905177070
Mistakes Were Made (but Not by Me): Why We
Justify Foolish Beliefs, Bad Decisions and
Hurtful Acts by Carol Tavris, Publisher: Pinter &
Martin Ltd. ISBN-10: 1905177216