Phases, Eclipses, and

Tides
Chapter 9 Section 2
The Moon’s Orbit
 The moon revolves
around Earth and
rotates on its own
axis
 The moon revolves
around Earth once
every 27.3 days in
an oval orbit
 The moon rotates on
its axis once every
27.3 days (1 moon
day = 1 moon year)
 The same side of the
moon always faces
What Causes Phases?


 Phases-the different
shapes of the moon
you see from Earth
 Phases are caused by
changes in the relative
positions of the moon,
Earth,
The Cycle
 andPhases
of the the sun
 New moon
 Waxing Crescent
 First quarter
 Waxing Gibbous
 Full Moon
 Waning Gibbous
 Third Quarter
 Waning Crescent
Cyclical Phases of the
Moon
Eclipses
The moon’s orbit around Earth is
slightly tilted with respect to
Earth’s orbit around the sun
When the moon’s shadow hits
Earth or Earth’s shadow hits the
moon, and eclipse occurs
Eclipse- occurs when an object in
space comes between the sun
and a third object, and casts a
shadow on that object
Total Solar Eclipses
 Partial Solar Eclipses


 Solar eclipse  Penumbra-

occurs when largest part
the moon
passes between of the
Earth and the moons
sun, blocking
the sunlight shadow
from reaching where part
Earth of the sun
 Umbra- cone-
is visible
shaped darkest
part of the from Earth
moon’s shadow  Eclipse
 Only the Earth
within the
visible in
umbra the
experience a penumbra
total solar is a partial
eclipse
Solar Eclipse eclipse
Total Lunar Eclipses
 Partial Lunar Eclipses


 Lunar eclipse occurs at A lunar eclipse when

a full moon when Earth, the moon, and
Earth is directly the sun are not quite
between the moon in line cause a
and the sun partial lunar eclipse
 When the moon is in  A partial lunar eclipse
Earth’s umbra, you occurs when the
see a total lunar moon passes partly
eclipse into the umbra of
Earth’s shadow

Lunar
Eclipses
What Causes Tides?
 High Tides

 Tides- the rise and fall of
water
 Gravity pulls the moon and
Earth (including the
water on Earth’s surface)
toward each other
 Tides occur mainly because
of differences in how
much the moon pulls on
different parts of Earth
 Moon’s gravity pulls water
toward the point on
Earth’s surface closest to
the moon
 water behind, creating
Tides
 The moon pulls on water
at Earth’s surface
more strongly than on
Earth as a whole
 Water facing the moon is
pulled toward the
moon creating high
tide
 The farthest point from
the moon pulls less
strongly on the water
at Earth’s surface than
on Earth as a whole;
Earth is pulled toward
the moon, leaving the
another high tide
The Tide Cycle
 Spring and Neap Tides


 Low tides occur on the  Spring tide- tide with the

sides of the Earth
perpendicular to the
high tides
 Tides cycle every 25
hours
 Neap tide- tide with the
greatest difference
between low and high
tide caused by the pull
of gravity of both the
sun and moon in the
same direction
least difference
between low and high
tide caused when the
sun’s pull is at right
angles to the moon’s
on the Earth
Local Tide Effects
Shapes of bodies of water and
depths of the ocean floor affect the
flow of water
Ocean tides can sometimes extend
far up rivers and can flow
upstream as the tide comes in and
downstream as the tide goes back
out
Intertidal zone- strip of land that
under water at high tide but
becomes dry land at low tide
Review
 Why does the moon change its phases as
the month progresses?


 Describethe relative positions of Earth, the

sun, and the moon during a solar eclipse
and during a lunar eclipse


 Explainwhy there are two high tides and

two low tides each day.


 Why are a “day” and a “year” on the moon

the same length?
