Presenter:

Mojahid Ali,Rana Asif

Waseem,Zoya,Shah
Hussain,Shagufta,poonam,sabiha
Facilitator:
Manzoor Khatak
ISRA COLLEGE OF NURSING

Allergy is an adverse immune reaction to

a molecule called allergen (protein) in our
environment, which is normally harmless
to the non-allergic person.

Classified according to symptoms they

produce i.e. skin, nose and lungs etc and
causes:

Skin allergy

Food allergy

Allergen inhalation
(Allergic rhinitis, Allergic asthma )
Allergy to medicine

Family history of allergy - Allergies are hereditary

which means there is a genetic component to most
allergies and passed from parents to children.

Exposure to allergens at certain times when the

body's defenses are lowered or weakened, such as
after a viral infection or during pregnancy, seems
to contribute to the development of allergies.

An allergen - a substance causing

allergic disease in sensitized host.
These allergens enter into body by
various means:

Through the skin cosmetics, stinging

insects and oak
Injections drugs
Oral ingestion Eggs, prawns, peanuts,
fish, cows milk
Nose and lungs airborne pollen of weeds,
grasses, dust mite droppings

Skin allergy symptoms include itching, reddening, and

flaking or peeling of the skin.

Allergic rhinitis is characterized by congestion, itching

and discharge from the nose and itchy, watery eyes.

Asthma include coughing, chest tightness, shortness of

breath and wheezing.
Food allergy include, dizziness, lightheadedness or
fainting abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting ,
anaphylaxis and hives.
A severe allergic reaction to food - called anaphylaxis.
Anaphylaxis include a feeling of warmth, flushing,
tingling in the mouth or a red, itchy rash. Other
symptoms may include feelings of light-headedness,
shortness of breath, severe sneezing, anexiety,
stomach or uterine cramps, and/or vomiting and
diarrhea. In severe cases, patients may experience a
drop in blood pressure. Anaphylaxis can be fatal.

Avoidance or Environmental control - Avoiding foods that have

caused allergic reactions, removing the pet from the home, dust should
be removed from the surface of pillow covers and the bed frame by
vacuuming them weekly. Smoking indoors should never be permitted.
Pharmacologic management/Allergy medication - In food allergy
injection of adrenaline, antihistamines reduce the effects of an allergic
reaction by blocking histamine, Decongestants reduce the nasal
congestion, bronchodilators open the airways.
Allergen immunotherapy - Allergen immunotherapy is the process
of administering gradually increasing doses of allergens to the patient.
Functional foods - Currently, there is huge interest in the use of
foods which may exert a positive functional effect on our health. Two of
these functional foods are known as probiotics and prebiotics, both of
which have a positive effect on the good bacteria that reside in our
digestive systems, also known as our gut microflora.
Yoga Yoga is an alternative therapy for allergy.

Probiotics are friendly bacteria which have

been demonstrated to have beneficial
effects on human health and available in
different forms like dairy products- dahi,
yogurt, capsules etc.
A probiotic may be defined as: A preparation or product
containing viable, defined micro-organisms in sufficient
numbers, which alter the microflora of the host intestine
and, consuming by that, exert beneficial health effects on
the host (Schrezenmeier & De Vrese 2001). For example:
bifidus, lactobacillus.

Probiotics in Treatment of
disease
Probiotics have been found to act as alternative
medicine for a number of diseases:
Lactose intolerance
Diarrhea
Constipation
Inflammatory bowel disease
Respiratory disease
Atherosclerosis
Osteoporosis
Allergy

Lactobacillus GG have been reported to treat

allergy (Majamaa et al 1997) when administered to
breast feeding mothers of infants with atopic
eczema/dermatitis due to allergy to milk.

Lactobacillus GG may be effective in treating

allergic diseases if administered at birth and to
pregnant mothers (Kalliomaki et al 2001).

Consumption of yogurt for a year reduced the

symptoms of nasal allergies among volunteers who
consumed yogurt than in control group (Trapp et al
1993).

To treat allergy, probiotic acts in different ways:

Degradation/structural modification of enteral

antigens.
Normalization of the properties of aberrant
indigenous microbiota and of gut barrier functions.
Regulation of the secretion of inflammatory
mediators, and promoting development of the
immune system.
Prevents food allergy by promoting endogenous
barrier mechanisms and alleviating intestinal
inflammation.
Stimulating immune response and reduction of
serum IgE levels.
Reduction of Th2 cytokine response.

Future probiotics will have more thoroughly

clarified mechanisms to either control specific
physiological processes in the evolution of allergic
disease or in their dietary management. The
modern view on probiotic therapy is based on
specific effects of clearly defined strains.

The term allergy encompasses a wide range of symptoms

and conditions. Although allergies cannot be prevented,
they can be treated and controlled. By making changes in
the environment and to their diets patients can greatly
limit exposure to certain allergens and reduce and
control their symptoms. If environmental control does
not work, medication, immunotherapy and alternative
therapy can help control the disease. Probiotics will offer
consumers an alternative to more invasive, medical
means of treating allergy, and provide a dietary means of
optimizing health and well-being.