Socio-Economic Survey of Zuari

By
Aniruddha Deo 2010A4PS185G
Manas Srivastava 2010A1PS425G
Shanmukh Kumar 2010A8PS419G

Bhaskar Tetarbe 2010A8PS278G

Introduction

Census defines a slum as "residential areas where dwellings are unfit for
human habitation" because they are dilapidated, cramped, poorly
ventilated, unclean, or "any combination of these factors which are
detrimental to the safety and health

1 in every 6 Indian urban residents live in a slum. Slum growth is

significantly lower than projected one for India. (Census Data)

At least 12% of urban population still lived in slums in 2012.

About 41% of slums were notified and 59% werent. 48% of notified
slums and 41% of non-notified slums were located on private land.

Only 6.5% of slums had no electricity 11% of non-notified slums while

0.1% of notified slums

Majority of house have pucca structures in 60% of all slums, 85%

among notified while only 42% in the other category

71% of all slums had taps as major sources of drinking water 81% of
notified while 64% for non-notified ones.

Literature Review

Surfed the internet in search of older surveys conducted on slums in

other places in India to obtain a clear picture

Links to the articles and details of papers used are given in the
bibliography in the end of the presentation and report as well.

Review of a paper is explained in the presentation to start off in the right

direction

A Survey of Urban Poor in Delhi and

Chennai

Study is based on household survey conducted by NCAER.

Sample size is of around 2000 poor households of slums of Delhi and

Chennai

Demographics of people of sample size are given on the basis of

religion, gender etc.

Monthly per capita income of Delhi slum is: Rs. 533 and that of Chennai
slum is: Rs. 608

They were also asked questions based on their employment, job

categories.

They face general and major problems with sanitation.

Hypothesis

General Notion: Poor people who live in slums are illiterate, uncivilized,
un-hygienic

Hypothesis put forward here:

People who live in slums are un-hygienic, uneducated and face a lot of
issues like lack of basic needs like clean drinking water etc.

Research Design

We follow Scientific Method to come to a verdict on the hypothesis

formulated by the help of research paper reviewed and data acquired.

Survey is the process of data acquisition used in this research.

Data Collection and Analysis

Survey is of Zuari slum in Zuarinagar, Goa.

Number of families in slum is found to be in range of 250-300 although

government put it around 600

We approached a single person from each family, details of 106 families

and 432 individuals were thus collected

All the data in the report is based on what families have told us.

Migrant Population
% People who are migrant

Yes

No

Years of Stay in Goa

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Category 1
0 to 5

5 to 10

10 to 15

15 to 20

20 to 30

>30

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Number of People staying together in

a house
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Number of People Staying Together

1

6 to 10

>10

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Demographics Age wise split

Chart Title

Age

10
<10

10 to 18

15
18 to 30

30 to 45

20
45 to 65

25
>80

30

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Demographics Gender-wise Split

Gender

Male

Female

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Occupation
Percent

Working Professionally

Other work from home

Studying

Unemployed

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If studying, what is the person

studying?

Class Studying

2
Upto Class V

4
Class V - VII

6
Class VIII - X

10
XI / XII

Above

12

14

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Else, Qualifications?

Qualification

Upto class VII

Undergraduate & Above

10
Class VIII -X
Illiterate

12
XI / XII

14

16

18

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Income per month

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Income
<2500

2500 - 5000

5000 - 10000

10000 - 20000

>20000

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Amenities in the house

Amenities

10

20

30

40
Mobile

50
TV

60

Refrigerator

70

80

90

100

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Ownership of house
Percent

Owned

Rented

Other

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Women in the house employed?

Answer

Yes

No

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If no, willingness to work for Self-Help

Group?
Answer

Yes

No

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Vehicle owned?
Answer

Yes

No

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Ration Card owned?

Answer

Yes

No

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Reasons for not possessing a Ration

Card

There were a variety of reasons for not owning ration cards:

They were made to run around by the local officials for ration card but
they never actually got them unless there was some monetary incentive
involved for these officials

Some migrants have ration cards at their native places, they do not
want to cancel those

Some simply lack awareness

A few dont have the documents necessary to get a ration card made.

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Main problems in the area

School is not good enough

Erratic water supply

Few complaints about air pollution due to factories

Drainage problems

Water borne diseases during rainy season

Bad water disposal system

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Conclusion

We conclude that our hypothesis was partially true. Partially, because

our assumption that majority are illeterate does not hold true on
analysis of collected data

Though our assumption of lack of basic amenities in slums does hold

true

Slums are an extension of city that are blind-sided by the government

authorities except during polling season

This particular segment of society is shielded from the effects of

Globalization and at the risk of perennial impoverishment

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Recommendations

slum upgrading, conducted through concerted strategies and involving

self-help and local ownership as the recommended response to poor
conditions and services in existing slums

Improving tenure security as a means of bettering the lives of slum

dwellers and improving their access to urban services, finance and
income-generating opportunities

Increasing employment opportunities through support for the small

enterprises and poverty alleviation measures, including the use of
appropriate technologies for infrastructure and housing provision that
are affordable and provide work opportunities

An inclusive city approach by local authorities who are increasingly

responsive and accountable to their citizens, seeking to benefit all
constituents and embracing principles of good governance

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Bibliography

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THANK YOU