Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ORGANIZATIONS
SESSION 9
Quality in
the
Supply Chain
SCM
SCM is concerned with processes and techniques
brought into play to manage the flow of supplies
through whole chains from suppliers to end users
(Saunders, 1997).
Factory
warehouse
Retailer
warehouse
Pet food
factory
Packaging
factory
Ingredients
supply
Soya Beans
Rolling mill
Johnston & Clark, Service Operations Management, 2nd edition Pearson Education Limited 2005
Cereal supply
Farm
Hotels
Tour operator
Travel agent
Airlines
Restaurants
Tour operator
Entertainment
activities
Direct access via websites
Transportation
companies
Customer
SCM CONCERNS
SCM is concerned with the flow of information as well as the flow of
products and services
Supply side
Second tier
supplier
First tier
supplier
Purchasing and
supply management
Information
flow
Demand side
First tier
customer
Second tier
customer
Physical distribution
management
Logistics (deliveries /
storage)
Materials
management
Physical
flow
End
customer
SOME DEFINITIONS
First tier
Suppliers
First tier
Customers
Second tier
Customers
The
The Operation
Operation
The Immediate
Supply Network
First tier
suppliers
Operations
First tier
customers
Second tier
customers
Third tier
customers
Victims
Hospitals and
forensic
laboratories
Toxicology
laboratory
Hospitals and
forensic
laboratories
Coroners
Suspects
(exonerated
or convicted)
Suspects
Police
investigators
Drugs
laboratory
Police
investigators
Prosecutors
Families and
sympathisers
of suspects
Crime scenes
Narcotics
officers
Physical
evidence
laboratory
Narcotics
officers
Courts
Victims
Eye witnesses
Fire
investigators
Biology
laboratory
Fire
investigators
Defence
lawyers
Families and
sympathisers
of victims
Other
witnesses
Defence
counsels
Document
examination
laboratory
Defence
counsels
Public
Private clients
Latent prints
unit
Private clients
Press and
media
Forensic
pathology
laboratory
1.
2.
3.
Business
Consumer
Business
Consumer
B2B
Relationship:
Most common, all but the last
link in the supply chain
B2C
Relationship:
Retail operations
Catalogue operations, etc.
E-commerce examples:
EDI networks : between banks
Tesco Information Exchange
E-commerce examples:
Internet retailers
Amazon.com, etc.
C2B
Relationship:
Consumer offer,
business responds
C2C
Relationship:
Trading swap and
auction transactions
E-commerce examples:
Some airline ticket
operators
Priceline.com, etc.
E-commerce examples:
Specialist collector sites
Ebay.com, etc.
CAPACITY
REPUTATION
MAKE OR BUY?
CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
QUALITY
SKILL SHORTAGE
EVALUATION
AND
SELECTION
FINANCIAL
STABILITY
TEAM WORKING
PROVIDING
TRAINING
PROVIDING
SPECIALIST
TOOLS AND
EQUIPMENT
INTEGRATION
WITH
BUYER
QUALITY
OF WORK
TOOLING
REQUIREMENTS
OPERATIONS
INTERMEDIATE
SUB CONTRACTING
LEVEL OF
DECISION
PLANT AND
FACILITIES
INTEGRATION
STRATEGIC
MAKE
OR
SPECIFICATION BUY
ACQUISITION
CRITERIA
THIRD
PARTY
RESPONSIBILITY
DIVESTMENT
PURCHASING
SERVICES
QUALITY
MONITORING
PERFORMANCE
SPECIALIST
SUPPLIERS
LEVELS OF
INVOLVEMENT
OF SUPPLIERS
COMPETITIVE
TENDERING
DELIVERY
STRATEGIC
CHOICES
COST
Price
Quality
Information Relationship
Planned
Kaizen
Transparent
Negotiated
Monitored
Shared
Integrated
Lean
relationship
Partnership
relationship
Cooperative
Traditional
relationship
Bids
Historical
Secretive
Adversarial
Time
Suppliers
Prepare
quotation for
specification,
price, delivery,
etc.
Purchasing function
Requests
Request for
quotations
Select
supplier(s)
Quotations
Produce
products and
services
Order
The operation
Liaison
between
purchasing
and the
operation
Prepare
purchase
order
Request for
products and
services
Receive
products and
services
Deliver
Demand
from
customers
Supply to
customers
Price
Cost
Price
Cost
Time
From
Time
To
END