PRESENTATION ON

T-BEAM DESIGN
BY WSD METHOD

Presented by
Khandaker Mehedi Hasan
Student ID:10.01.03.158
Department of Civil Engineering
AUST,Dhaka

CE 416
PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE LAB.

Course Teachers
Lecturer Mr. Galib Muktadir
Assistant prof. Ms. Sabreena Nasrin
Department of Civil Engineering
Ahsanullah University of science and Technology

DEFINITION:A T-Beam is
a beam
that
supports a
slab and
the slab is
built
integrally
with the

Concrete floor slabs and beams are normally tied

together by means of stirrups and bent-up bars if any and
then are cast form one mass of concrete. Such a
monolithic system will act integrally i.e., it is allowed to
assume that part of the slab acts with the beam and they
form what is known as a flanged beam, Fig. 1.1

The part of the slab acting with the beam is called the
flange, and it is indicated in Fig. 1.2 by the area Bts. The
rest of the section confining the area (t-ts)b is called the
stem or web. As Fig. 1.2 indicates.

Fig:1.1
Fig:1.2

Various Possible
Geometries of
Beams
Single Tee

Twin Tee

Box

T-

Square T beam
beam

Tapered T

Inverted L(Spandrel) Beams

Analysis of Flanged
Section
Floor systems with slabs and beams are
placed in monolithic pour.
Slab acts as a top flange to the beam; Tbeams, and Inverted L(Spandrel)
Beams.

Analysis of Flanged
Sections
Positive and Negative Moment Regions in a
T-beam

Analysis of Flanged
Sections
If the neutral axis
falls within the
slab depth
analyze the beam
as a rectangular
beam, otherwise
as a T-beam.

Analysis of
Flanged Sections
Effective Flange Width
Portions near the webs are more highly stressed
than areas away from the web.

ACI Code Provisions for

Estimating bef
From ACI 318, Section From ACI 318, Section
8.10.2
8.10
T Beam Flange:

L
beff
4
16hf bw

bactual

Isolated T-Beams

bw
hf
2
beff 4bw

Design of T-Beam
T-Beam may be singly reinforced or doubly reinforced.
When steel is provided only in tensile zone (i.e. below
neutral axis) is called singly reinforced t-beam, but
when steel is provided in tension zone as well as
compression zone is called doubly reinforced t-beam.
The aim of design is:
To decide the size (dimensions) of the member and the
amount of reinforcement required.
To check whether the adopted section will perform
safely and satisfactorily during the life time of the
structure.

Methods of
Allowable
Stress WSD (ASD)
Design

Examples:
WSD

Actual loads used to determine stress

Allowable stress reduced by factor of safety

Ultimate Strength (LRFD)

Ultimate Strength

Loads increased depending on type load

Factors: DL=1.4 LL=1.7 WL=1.3

U=1.4DL+1.7LL
Strength reduced depending on type force

Factors: flexure=0.9 shear=0.85 column=0.7

Working Stress
Design(WSD) Method
Assumptions:

Plane sections remain plane

Hookes Law applies
Concrete tensile strength is neglected
Concrete and steel are totally bonded

Allowable Stress Levels

Concrete = 0.45fc
Steel = 20 ksi for gr. 40 or gr. 50
= 24 ksi for gr. 60

Transformed Section
Steel is converted to equivalent concrete.

Procedure for Design of Singly Reinforced

Beam by Working Stress Method
Given :
(i) Span of the
beam (l)
(ii) Loads on the
beam
(iii)Materials
Grade
of
Concrete
and
type of steel.
i.e. f'c
& fy

Now,
Selecting
the
suitable diameter of bar
calculate the number of
bars required

As
Singly reinforced Tbeam

Reasons for Providing

Compression Reinforcement
Reduced sustained load
deflections.

Creep of concrete in compression

zone
transfer load to compression steel
reduced stress in concrete
Architectural design & view
less sustained load deflection

Reasons for Providing

Compression Reinforcement
Effective of compression reinforcement on
sustained load deflections

Layout of doubly
reinforced T-beam

Doubly reinforced T-beam