VEHICLE DYNAMICS

PRESENTED BY: GROUP 3

CONSIDERATIONS IN VEHICLE
DYNAMICS
Ride a cars ability to smooth out a bumpy road
Vehicle Handling
Brakes

Important Systems that affect Vehicle

Dynamics
Frame
Suspension system
Steering system
Tires and wheels

Car
(Sprung Weight)

Shock

Springs

Unsprung Weight

Axles, Hubs,
Bearings and
Part of the
suspension
components
Tire (Rubber)

Suspension
is the term given to the system ofsprings,shock
absorbersandlinkagesthat
connects
avehicleto
itswheelsand allows relative motion between the two

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COMFORT
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ONTROL

Car Suspension Parts

Spring
Dampers
Shock absorbers
Struts
Anti-sway bars

Spring
Coil Spring
Coil springs compress and expand to
absorb the motion of the wheels.

Leaf Spring
This type of spring consists of
several layers of metal bound
together to act as a single unit.

Torsion Bar
use the twisting properties of a
steel bar to provide coil-spring-like
performance

Dampers: Shock Absorber

Shock absorbers slow down
and reduce the magnitude
of vibratory motions
Shock absorbers work in
two
cycles
-thecompression cycleand
theextension cycle.
All modern shock absorbers
arevelocity-sensitive

Struts
Basically a shock absorber
mounted inside a coil
spring.
Struts performs two jobs:
dampening and structural
support
Shocks and struts can be
considered critical safety
features.

Anti-sway Bars
Are used along with shock
absorbers or struts to give
a
moving
automobile
additional stability.
An anti-sway bar is a metal
rod that spans the entire
axle and effectively joins
each side of the suspension
together.

Types of Suspension
Dependent
Dependent front suspensions have a
rigid front axle that connects the
front or the rear wheels.
Weight, and Alignment

Independent
In this setup, the front wheels are
allowed to move independently.

Macpherson Strut
The
MacPherson
strut
combines a shock absorber
and a coil spring into a
single unit. This provides a
more compact and lighter
suspension system that can
be used for front-wheel
drive vehicles.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages
Cheaper and Lighter than
double-wishbone suspension
Great for FWD
Narrower than doublewishbone suspension

Disadvantages
Taller
than
doublewishbone suspension
Mounts to body, so unibody
is almost necessary for
handling stress and forces

Double Wishbone
Are used mostly at the
front. There are two
wishbones, one above the
other, to keep the wheel
upright as it rises and falls.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages
Versatile (Placement of
Shocks, etc.)

Disadvantages

Can handle large deflection

Expensive

Front/Back

Complex design

Dependent vs. Independent Suspension

Dependent Suspension

Independent Suspension

Motion of a wheel on one side of the Motion of wheel pairs is independent, so

vehicle is dependent on the motion of that a disturbance at one wheel is not
its partner on the other side
directly transmitted to its partner
Rarely used in modern passenger cars

Better ride and handling

Cannot give good ride

More expensive

Cannot control high braking and

accelerating torques
Used in commercial and off-highway
vehicles

Engine Support and Bushings

Abushingorrubber bushingis
a type ofvibration isolator. It
provides an interface between
two parts, damping the energy
transmitted
through
the
bushing.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages
Lessnoise andvibrationare transmitted.
Require little to nolubrication.
Disadvantages
Rubber bushings can deteriorate quickly in the presence of
oils and extreme heat and cold.
The flexibility of rubber also introduces an element of play
in the suspension system.