Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
PRAVEEN KUMAR.CH
131857
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
ASTER IMAGES FOR MINERAL EXPLORATION
HOW GIS USED
LITERATURE REVIEW
METHODOLOGY WITH CASE STUDIES
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
Mineral exploration is the process of finding ores (commercially viable
concentrations of minerals)
ex: coal, quartz, feldspar, mica, oxides of iron, precious
metals.ect
The risk of developing mineral resources need to be known as accurately
as possible.
Because, it influenced the cost of the project due to wrong estimation of
presence of minerals and their quality, quantity, area of extent of the
mineral resource.etc,
Over the past decade, the mining industries used remote sensing imagery
data for mineral explorations.
Satellite multi-spectral systems offer consistent image data sets that
provide a wealth of geological and logistical information, especially for
poorly mapped and remote locations.
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1.
2.
3.
and
The basic tool for geologists in all aspects is a map representing the
distribution and identify of rock units exposed at the earths surface.
Hydro-geologists
ASTER data have characteristics that are particularly useful for geologic
studies, especially where the rocks are well exposed.
GIS can help in many aspects of the mineral exploration activities: data
collection, management, analysis, and reporting.
Field geologists capture field data electronically using ArcPad and GPS
receivers.
GIS is an ideal platform to integrate the all above data sources together and
deliver meaningful outcomes.
LITERATURE REVIEW
1. B.K.Bhadra et.al, (2012) explained how SWIR bands are used in
identification of alteration zones which have developed during
hydrothermal activity.
2. Bob Agar (2005) discussed on processing of ASTER level 1B
images for radiance at the sensor & locating different minerals by
developing algorithms and compared with reference spectra are
taken from the USGS spectral library.
3. Carlos A. Torres (2007), identified mineral deposits in area targeted
by preparing a Geodatabase.
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DATA USED:
Geo-database containing State & County Boundaries, Existing Mines,
Topography ,Geologic data, DEMs
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METHODOLOGY:
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DESIGN OF GEO-DATABASE: the raw data sets were put through the
different analysis tools in Arc Toolbox to get only the data needed.
Bring the different datasets within the geodatabase along with processed
raster images.
database contains lithological & magnetic field data, information about
current mines, maps and ASTER images, geophysical images, other
datasets.
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the noise is separated from the data based on the principal component
analysis.
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SPATIAL CORRELATION:
Done by using IDW (a deterministic interpolator)
Used to create a spatial correlation between the samples taken and the
gold content of the samples taken
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RESULTS
- Prepared a geodatabase with all available information.
- Created a websites in ArcIMS (Arc Internet Map Server)
and customized using VBScripts.
- For each sample point created a link to the location on
Google Earth so the person looking at the data can have
a better understanding of the data.
- The result was an ArcIMS tool that can help in mineral exploration to
make smart decisions about mineral exploration.
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STUDY AREA: The study area lies around Sawar-Malpura area in parts of
Ajmer and Tonk districts of Rajasthan.
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DATA USED:
- Satellite images of ASTER SWIR bands.
- GIS layers have been created for lithology, structures, geomorphology, soil and base
map information by image interpretation from ASTER images.
ASTER
Image
(May, 2007)
Geological
Map
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METHODOLOGY
ASTER level 1B images are corrected both geometrically and
radiomerically.
Principal Component Analysis(PCA ) technique:
- statistical technique.
- selects uncorrelated spectral bands from highly correlated ASTER bands.
- pc bands are linear combination of the original spectral bands.
- 1st PC band is have highest data variance, 2nd PC band is having 2nd highest data
variance..so on. Thus the last PC band appear noise.
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RESULTS:
- SWIR bands (ASTER-6,4 and 8) are suitable in discriminating marble and quartz.
- SWIR bands shows absorption features by the OH-bearing minerals.
- PC band that has the highest eigen vector is important for discrimination of
alteration zones such as propylitic and phyllic.
- highest loading range for propylitic zone is PC5-(1.110) & phyllic zone is PC4(0.932).
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SUMMARY
Mineral exploration & mineral potential mapping using the ASTER images
gives satisfactory results when used alongwith other data sets.
Case study 1 shows the identification of target minerals using the GIS &
ASTER images along with other data sets like geophysical images,
information about current mines ect..,
Case study 2 shows that importance of ASTER SWIR band data in
potential alteration mineral zones mapping.
Case studies reveals that the use of ASTER data in mineral exploration for
preparation of geological mapping, alteration mineral zones ect..,
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References
Amin Beiranvnd Pour, Mazlan Hashim., & Maged Marghany (2011). Using spectral mapping techniques
on short wave infrared bands of ASTER remote sensing data for alteration mineral mapping in SE Iran,
International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 6(4), pp. 917-929.
Azizi, H., Rsaouli, A. A., &Babaei, K. (2007). Using SWIR Bands from ASTER for discrimination of
Hydrothermal Altered Minerals in the Northwest of Iran, Research Jour. of Applied Sciences, 2(6), 763
768.
B. K. Bhadra, SuparnPathak ,G. Karunakar., & J. R. Sharma (2012). ASTER Data Analysis for Mineral
Potential Mapping AroundSawar-Malpura Area, Central Rajasthan, Research jour. Of Indian Soc
RemoteSens , 41(2):391404.
Bob Agar (2005). ASTER Alteration Mineral Mapping; Las Pampas, Cajamarca, Peru, Research jour. Of
Australian Geological & Remote Sensing Services, Vol. VI, pp 2501-2503.
Carlos A. Torres (2007). Mineral Exploration Using GIS and Processed Aster Images, Research jour. of
Advance GIS EES 6513 (Spring 2007) University of Texas at San Antonio.
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Enton Bedini (2011). Mineral mapping in the Kap Simpson complex, central East Greenland,
using ASTER remote sensing data. Research jour. Of Advances in Space Research 47 (2011) 60
73.
Mutasim Sami Osman (2012). Mineral Exploration Using GIS, Research jour. Of King Fahad
University of Petroleum and Minerals.
R. Greg Vaughan, Simon J. Hook, Wendy M. Calvin, & James V. Taranik (2005). Surface
mineral mapping at Steamboat Springs, Nevada, USA, with multi-wavelength thermal infrared
images, Research jour. Of Remote Sensing of Environment 99 (2005) 140158.
Xianfeng Zhang, Micha Pazner, Norman Duke (2007). Lithologic and mineral information
extraction for gold exploration using ASTER data in the south Chocolate Mountains
(California), ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing 62 (2007) 271282.
Y. Yamaguchi & C. Naito (2003). Spectral indices for lithologic discrimination and mapping by
using the ASTER SWIR bands, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24:22, 4311-4323.
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THANK
YOU
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