DEVELOPMENT PLANNING WORKSHOP IV

THEME:PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
MANAGEMENT
PRESENTER: OWUSU FRANCIS
9075306
ASSIGNMENT: REVIEW OF CONCEPTS,
TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGY FOR
PLAN IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENT
DECEMBER, 2009

OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT

To help students understand the concept of plan implementation
management;
To expose students to the rudimentary tools in plan
implementation management; and
To help students compare and analyze plan implementation
management among selected countries.
METHODOLOGY
Introductory lecture
Literature review
Technical report writing.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
TERMS

DEFINITION

COMMON
FEATURES

WORKING
DEFINITION

PLAN

A physical
document that
incorporates the
findings, or
proposal resulting
from a planning
process. (Diana
Conyers and Peter
Hills, 1984).

Plans are meant

to achieve a task
Plans are
guidelines to
attainment of task
Most plans are
documented

A plan is a
document
designed with
procedures to
achieve a goal or
an objective

DEFINITION OF TERMS Contd

TERMS

DEFINITION

COMMON
FEATURES

WORKING
DEFINITION

IMPLEMENTATION

as a process of
interaction
between the
setting of goals
and actions
geared to
achieving
themPressman and
Wildavsky
(1973)

It serves as a link
between goals and
objectives.
It requires the use
of resources.
It seeks to solve a
problem

Employing
resources to put
goals and
objectives in
reality to solve a
problem.

MANAGEMENT

The art of
getting things
done through
people.-Mary F.
Parker (18681933)

It involves
planning,
organizing,
controlling and
directing activities.
It is a day to day
activity.
It involves people

A process of
directing,
organizing,
coordinating and
controlling the
processes
involved in the
translation of
goals and
objectives in a
plan.

Source: Authors Construct, September 2009

STAGES OF PLAN IMPLEMENTATION

STAGES

MAIN ACTIVITIES

TECHNIQUES

Plan review

1.Review the planning

process
2.Review content of the
plan
3.Incorporate new ideas

Project Performance
Matrix

Plan adoption

Stakeholder participation Deliberation, Open

in Adoption
forum and Discussion

Preparation of annual
action plans

1.Pervious
implementation review
2.Selection of priority
projects.

Preparation of Annual
Budget

Identify all implementing Medium Term

projects
Expenditure Frame Work
Outline the required
(MTEF)
resources for the project.

Procurement

Tendering, Bidding and

Award contracts

Execution of project

Carry out the project and Gantt Chart , Time

supervise
Activity Matrix and Site
Meetings

Monitoring and
Evaluation

Monitor performance
Evaluate impact on

Rolling Plan

Request for Proposal and

Bid Evaluation

Logical framework

Factors Affecting Plan Implementation

United Nations Centre for Regional Development(2000)
Ineffective procedures for defining and preparing projects.
Ineffective project execution, operation and supervision.
Weak institutional capacity linkages and infrastructure.
Conyers and Hill(1984)
The nature of the planning process;
Organization of planning and implementation;
Content of plans; and
Management of the implementation process.

Elements of management
MAIN ELEMENTS

KEY ACTIVITIES

TECHNIQUES

Planning

1.Determining specific
objectives and how to
accomplish them

1.Focused Group
Discussion
2. Stakeholder
Consultation

Organising

1.Establishing the structure

of the tasks to be performed
to achieve the goals of the
organisation

1.
2.
3.
4.

Time-activity Matrix
Role casting
Critical Path Analysis
Time-Activity matrix

2.Delegating authority to
carry out these jobs
Coordinating

1.Harmonising the activities

of individuals and groups
within the organisation.
2. Roles casting and
ensuring optimum delivery
by personnel

1. Common room
2. Role casting
3. Time-Activity matrix

Controlling

1.Regular monitoring
exercises
2. Carrying out
evaluations and replanning where
necessary

1. Logical framework
2. Fishbone analysis
3. Set of performance
matrixes on quantity, quality
and cost

Source: Authors Construct, September 2009

MANAGING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVELOPMENT

PLANS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL EXPERIENCES FROM
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA AND SOUTH EAST ASIA

Country

PROFILE OF STUDY
COUNTRIES
Capital Land
Populati Nomin Per

Type of
Govt

Town

Area

on

al GDP Capita
Incom
e

Ghana

Accra

239,460
sq km

23 million

$16.12
4
billion.

$716

Democrac
y

Nigeria

Abuja

923,768
sq.km

151
million

$130.8
6
billion

US$
930

Federal

329,749
sq km

27.5
million

$211.1
billion

$7,355

Federal
democrac
y with a
constituti
onal
monarch.

Malaysia Kuala
Lumpur

Source: Authors Construct, September 2009

PLAN IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENT

EXPERIENCE FROM OTHER COUNTRIES
COUNTRY

LEGAL
FRAMEWO
RK

DATABA
SE
MANAG
EMENT

FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT

STAKEHOL
DER
PARTICIPAT
ION

MONITORI
NG

EVALUATIO
N

Nigeria

The
constitution
of the
Federal
republic of
Nigeria

A
network
within
core
organisat
ions to
provide
develop
ment
manager
s with
informati
on

The
development
planning unit
and other
collaborating
sector line
agencies have
the overall
responsibility
for financial
management of
planned
programmes

Both
primary and
secondary
stakeholder
s are
actively
involved in
plan
implementat
ion

Two forms of
monitoring
at the local
levelSectorial
line agencydone by
various line
agencies of
their
programmes
and projects.

Full scale
evaluation is
taken at the
start,
middle, and
end of the
project

The medium
term
expenditure
framework

The
provincial
and
traditional
councils are
involved
both at the
plan
preparation
stages and
the plan
implementat
ion stages at
the various
federal state

Annual
performance
assessment.

PLAN IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENT

EXPERIENCE FROM OTHER COUNTRIES Contd
COUNTRY

LEGAL
FRAMEWO
RK

DATABASE
MANAGEM
ENT

FINANCIAL
MANAGEM
ENT

STAKEHOL
DER
PARTICIPAT
ION

MONITORI
NG

EVALUATIO
N

Malaysi
a

There is a
constitution
hence good
governance.
The use of
five year
plans which
seeks to
implement
strategies
and
programmes
.
There is
also longterm outline
perspective
plan.
Cabinets
decision in
1992 for
economic
planning
unit to be
responsible
as a national

Wide use of
information
communicati
on
technology
Setting up
of IT Agenda

A major
proportion of
government
revenue
comes from
taxes and in
particular
from the
private
sector.
Public
services and
utilities are
oriented
towards
recovering
most
operational
costs to
ensure
implementat
ion of
priority
programmes
.
Institution

There is the
establishme
nt of a
process to
empower
indigenous
people and
their
communities
to
participate
in projects
which affect
their lives.

At every
stage of the
plan
implementat
ion
managemen
t there is
monitoring

This is very
constant at
the
programme
or project
implementat
ion and
managemen
t stages

PLAN IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENT

EXPERIENCE FROM OTHER COUNTRIES Contd
COUNTRY

LEGAL
FRAMEWO
RK

DATABASE
MANAGEM
ENT

FINANCIAL
MANAGEM
ENT

STAKEHOL
DER
PARTICIPAT
ION

MONITORI
NG

EVALUATIO
N

Ghana

The 1992
constitution of
Ghana
Local
Government
Law (PNDC
Law 207)
The Local
Government
Act, Act 462
The Civil
Service Law,
1993
The National
Development
Planning
Systems Act,
Act 480
District
Assemblies
Common Fund
(DACF) Act,
Act 455

ICT is still
not widely
use .The use
of files to
store data and
information
are on a large
scale.

Public Financial
Management
Reform
Programme
(PUFMARP).
It is a bold and
comprehensive
medium term
strategic
programme
aimed at
addressing the
public financial
management
issues.
The Medium
Term
Expenditure
Framework
(MTEF)

The following
Acts has
promoted
participation at
the local level.
The actors
include: Civil
Society, NGOs
and
communities
Local
Government
Law (PNDC
Law 207)
The Local
Government
Act, Act 462
The National
Development
Planning
Systems Act,
Act 480

The DAs has

been mandated
to carry out
monitoring of
projects
implemented
under their
areas of
jurisdiction.

Project
Evaluation
Monitoring
Unit (PEMU)
of the Ministry
of Finance and
Economic
Planning
(MoFEP) has
been
established to
assist the
ministry to
improve upon it
expenditure
control and
management.

Source: Authors Construct, September 2009

SUMMARY OF POTENTIALS, OPPORTUNITIES, CONSTRAINTS

AND CHALLENGES AMONGST THE STUDY COUNTRIES
COUNTRY

POTENTIALS

OPPORTUNITIES

CHALLENGES

CONSTRIANTS

Nigeria

There is a well
resourced Ministry of
Planning and National
Development
responsible for
coordinating economic
development planning at
National and District
levels.

Available of funds from

Inadequate funds for

Change in political

external sources to

projects

power

assist in plan

Weak institutional

implementation

capacity

Existence of NDPC

Existence of

Inadequate funds for

Untimely release of

development partners

research and

funds.

and donor agencies e.g.

development activities.

Ghana

World Bank, DANIDA

Malaysia

Availability of

Existence of

institutions for database

development partners

management.

Source: Authors Construct, September 2009

Inadequate funds
for development
projects

Untimely release of
funds

Lessons for the Implementation of the Asante Akim DMTDP

There is the need for the development of an information
management system (Use of ICT in Database management)
There is the need for prudent financial management
Plan implementation requires institutional capacity building
Participation of all stakeholders is very crucial to plan
implementation

THANK YOU