Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
computer literacy
p. 1.2
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p. 1.2 Fig. 1-1
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p. 1.4
What is a computer?
Next
p. 1.4
An electronic machine,
operating under the
control of instructions
stored in its own memory
accepts data
manipulates the data
according to specified
rules
produces results
stores the results for
future use
Information
Next
p. 1.4 Fig. 1-2
Data that is
organized,
meaningful,
and useful
Who is a user?
Someone that
communicate
s with a
computer
Someone who
uses the
information it
generates
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p. 1.4
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p. 1.4
Software
The series of
instructions that
tells the hardware
how to perform
tasks
What is the
information
processing
cycle?
Process
Input
Any data or
instructions you
enter into a
computer
Manipulate the
input (data) to
produce output
(information)
Output
Communication
The capability of
communicating
with other
computers
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p. 1.5
Storage
Area in a
computer that
can hold data
and information
for future use
PC camera
system unit
printer
speaker
monitor
keyboard
modem
scanner
mouse
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p. 1.5 Fig. 1-3
microphone
digital camera
microphone
PC camera
keyboard
scanner
mouse
Click to view
Web Link
then click
Input Devices
Next
p. 1.5 Fig. 1-3
digital
camera
printer
speakers
Sometimes called a
CD-RW
chassis
drive
A box-like case made
Zip
from metal or plastic
disk
that protects the
internal electronic
drive
components of the
computer from damage hard
Circuitry in the system disk
unit usually is part of or drive
is connected to a
circuit board called the
motherboard
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p. 1.6 Fig. 1-3
CD-ROM
or DVDROM
drive
floppy
disk
drive
Memory
What is a chip?
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p. 1.6 Fig. 1-4
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p. 1.6
Internal
Component
External Device
Also called a
peripheral
Attaches to the
system unit
What is storage?
Storage Device
Storage Medium
Physical material
Click to view
Web Link
then click
Storage Devices
Next
p. 1.7
on which a
computer keeps
the data,
instructions and
information
Records and
retrieves items to
and from a storage
medium
Devices often
function as source of
input because they
transfer items from
storage into memory
CD-RW drive
hard disk
drive
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p. 1.7 Fig. 1-3
CD-ROM or
DVD-ROM
drive
ZIP drive
floppy
disk
drive
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p. 1.7 Fig. 1-5
A thin, circular,
flexible disk
enclosed in a
plastic shell
Insert and remove a
floppy disk into and
from a floppy disk
drive
A Zip disk is a
higher capacity disk
Consists of several
circular platters that
store items
electronically
Disks are enclosed in
an airtight, sealed case,
which often is housed
inside the system unit
Provides much greater
storage capacity than a
floppy disk
Some hard disks are
removable
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p. 1.7 Fig. 1-6 & 7
removable
hard disk
self-contained
hard disk
DVD-ROM
tremendous storage
capacities
Next
p. 1.8 Fig. 1-8
miniature
storage media
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p. 1.8 Fig. 1-9
One type is a
modem
modem
Dependable because
components have a
low failure rate so
they produce
consistent results
Accuracy
Next
p. 1.8
Speed
Reliability
Billions of
operations can
be carried out
in a single
second
Communications
Two connected
computers can share
stored data, instructions,
and information
What is a network?
Two or more
computers
connected
together via
communications
media and
devices
The most widely
known network is
the Internet
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p. 1.10 Fig. 1-10
Bill Gates
Click to view
Web Link
then click
Bill Gates
Next
p. 1.9
Microsofts chairman
and chief software
architect
Co-founded Microsoft
in 1975
Regarded as the most
powerful person in the
computer industry
Consistently
anticipates
technological
developments and
customer needs
Allows you
to input data
and stores it
in memory
Uses data in
memory for
calculations
Directs
computer to
perform
alternative
operations
Displays
information
on monitor
Compares
values stored
in memory
Prints a
report
Stores
information
on disk
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p. 1.11 Fig. 1-11
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
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p. 1.12
Operating System
(OS)
Utility program
Set of programs
containing instructions
that coordinate all the
activities among
computer hardware
devices
Type of system
software that performs
a specific task, usually
related to managing a
computer, its devices,
or its programs
Next
p. 1.12
Determines how
you interact with
software
Used to control how
you enter data and
instructions
Used to control how
information displays
on the screen
An icon is a
small image
that represents
a program, an
instruction, or
some other
object
Next
p. 1.12 Fig. 1-13
icons
icons
Word
processing
software
Click to view
Web Link
then click
Application Software
Next
p. 1.13
Collection of popular
individual software
applications bundled
together as a single unit
Spreadsheet
software
Database
software
Presentation
graphics
software
What is packaged
software?
Next
Copyrighted
retail
software that
meets the
needs of a
wide variety
of users
Purchase
from stores or
companies on
the Internet
Next
p. 1.14
Next
p. 1.14
Computer programmer
(or programmer)
Writes software
programs
Systems Analyst
Designs a program,
working with both the
user and the
programmer to
determine the desired
output of the program
Next
p. 1.14 Fig. 1-15
What is a network?
Communications Device
Communications Media
Modem
Cables
Telephone lines
Next
p. 1.16
Cellular radio
Satellites
Hardware
devices
To share
resources
Software
programs
Information
Data
Next
p. 1.16
To save
time and
money
A network that
connects
computers in a
limited
geographic area
such as a school
computer
laboratory,
office or group
of buildings
Next
p. 1.16 Fig. 1-16
Next
p. 1.16 Fig. 1-17
Next
A worldwide
collection of
networks that
links together
millions of
businesses,
government
agencies,
educational
institutions, and
individuals
E-mail
Information
E-mail
Shopping
Meeting people
Entertainment
Shopping
Next
Entertainment
Meeting
people
Information
Next
p. 1.18
Online Service
Provider (OSP)
Provides access to
the Internet, as
well as a variety of
other specialized
content and
services
Next
p. 1.18
Web site
Web browser
Collection of
related Web
pages
Program used to
access and view
Web pages
Web page
Contains text,
graphics, sound, or
video and has
connections to other
Web pages
Step 1
Step 2
Step 4
Step 3
Next
p. 1.19 Fig. 1-20
One Input
device
One output
device
One storage
device
Next
p. 1.19
Memory
A processor
Microprocessor
The single chip
that performs
all the
processing
functions on a
personal
computer
Two major
categories
Desktop
Notebook
Gateway
Click to view
Web Link
then click
Gateway
Next
p. 1.21
Manufactures
built-to-order PCs
Designed so the
system unit, input
devices, output
devices, and any
other devices fit
entirely on or under
a desk or table
Tower model
Tall and
narrow
system unit
that can sit
on the floor
vertically
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p. 1.20 Fig. 1-23
All-in-one computer
Less expensive
desktop that
combines the
monitor and
system unit
into a single
device
Next
p. 1.21 Fig. 1-24
Next
p. 1.21
Workstation
More expensive and powerful
desktop designed for work that
requires intense calculations
and graphics capabilities
Stand-alone
Can perform the information
processing cycle operations without
being connected to a network
Next
Server
Powerful desktop
that manages the
resources on a
network
Clients or workstations
Other computers on
network that access
the contents of the
storage area on the
servers
Also called a
laptop
Portable, personal
computer small
enough to fit on
your lap
Generally more
expensive than a
desktop computer
with equal
capabilities
Next
p. 1.23
Next
p. 1.23 Fig. 1-28
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p. 1.24 Fig. 1-29
Web-enabled
handheld
computer
Next
p. 1.24 Fig. 1-30
Computer with
limited
functionality
whose main
purpose is to
connect to the
Internet from
home
What is WebTV?
An Internet
appliance in
the form of a
set-top box
Sits on top of
or next to a
television set
and allows you
to access the
Internet on the
TV
Next
p. 1.25 Fig. 1-31
Next
p. 1.25 Fig. 1-32
What is a terminal?
Device with a
monitor and
keyboard used
to access a
server
Next
p. 1.25
Sometimes called
dumb terminals
No processing
power
Cannot stand alone
Must be connected
to a server to
operate
What is a mainframe?
Large, expensive,
very powerful
computer
Can handle
hundreds or
thousands of
connected users
simultaneously
Stores
tremendous
amounts of data,
instructions, and
information
Next
p. 1.26 Fig. 1-33
Click to view
Web Link
then click IBM
Next
p. 1.26
International Business
Machines (IBM)
Incorporated in 1911
Worlds largest
information technology
company
What is a supercomputer?
Able to
process
more than 12
trillion
instructions
per second
Next
p. 1.26 Fig. 1-34
1. Hardware
Hardware
1.
What is an
information system?
For an
information
system to
provide accurate,
Click to view
Web Link
timely, and
then click
Women in
useful
Technology
information,
each element
Click to view
must be present
Web Link
and all of the
then click
Minorities in Technology
elements must
Next
work together
p. 1.27 Fig. 1-35
2. Software
Software
2.
3. Data
Data
3.
5. Procedures
4b. People
People (users)
(users) 4a.
4a. People
People (IT
(IT personnel)
personnel)
4b.
Mobile
Large Business
Power
Next
p. 1.28 Fig. 1-36
research
Web access
Next
p. 1.29 Fig. 1-37
Next
p. 1.30 Fig. 1-38
Many
manufacturers
design special
hardware for
children
Click to view
video
Next
p. 1.30
Web access
Desktop usage
Local Area
Network (Lan)
Productivity
software
Specialty
software
Web usage
Next
p. 1.31 Fig. 1-39
spreadsheet
Next
p. 1.31
E-mail
Communicate with
others
E-commerce
Conduct financial
business on the Web
Web cam
Allows a SOHO user to
show the world a live
view of some aspect of
their business
Next
Next
p. 1.33 Fig. 1-41
Network
Local area network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Large business Web site
Sales management
Accounting
Desktop publishing
Information systems
department
Productivity software
Scheduling
Web access
What is a kiosk?
A freestanding
computer
Usually has multimedia
capability and a touch
screen
Used by a large
business to provide
information to the
public
What is telecommuting?
Next
p. 1.34 Fig. 1-44
A work
arrangement in
which employees
work away from
a companys
standard
workplace
Often
communicate
with the office
using some
communications
technology
Provide family
Next
information
Provide information
about business
Provide a resume
online
Provide online courses
called distancelearning courses
Photo communities
Allow you to create an online photo album
Electronic storefronts
Allow a small
business to advertise
and take orders
directly at a Web site
Communicate with
others
E-mail
Click to
view
animation Chat rooms
Next
Instant messaging
p. 1.37 Fig. 1-47
Next
Next
Handheld computers
Internet appliances
Mid-range servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Elements of an information system
Examples of computer usage
Computer user as a Web publisher