Physical Property Analyzers

Saudi Aramco Professional Engineering
Development Program
PCI 108.04
Saudi Aramco
Physical Property Analyzers for Refinery
Applications
Terminal Objective
Upon completion of this module, the Participant will
be able to evaluate physical property analyzers for
specific refinery applications, in terms of suitability
for installation, operational capabilities, and
maintenance requirements, using appropriate
guidelines and vendor data.
PCI 108.04
Enabling Objectives
1. Evaluate boiling point/distillation analyzers,
using applicable guidelines and vendor data.
PCI 108.04
Enabling Objectives
2. Evaluate vapor pressure analyzers, using
applicable guidelines and vendor data.
PCI 108.04
Enabling Objectives
2. Evaluate vapor pressure analyzers, using
applicable guidelines and vendor data.
3. Evaluate octane analyzers, using applicable
PCI 108.04
Enabling Objectives
4. Evaluate flash point analyzers, using applicable
guidelines and vendor data
PCI 108.04
Enabling Objectives
5. Evaluate viscosity analyzers, using applicable
PCI 108.04
Enabling Objectives
5. Evaluate viscosity analyzers, using applicable
6. Evaluate color analyzers, using applicable
PCI 108.04
INTRODUCTION
Scope of Module
Process Analyzer Calibration and Validation
Absolute or real calibration
Relative or arbitrary calibration
PCI 108.04
BOILING POINT & DISTILLATION

ANALYSERS
Evaluating Boiling Point/Distillation Analyzers
Function - To measure the temperature of a

specific boiling point of a process stream for the
purpose of product specification monitoring
and/or advanced process control.
PCI 108.04
11
Function
General Applications
Crude Distillation Control
PCI 108.04
12

O/H Cooler
O/H
Accumulator
Gas
Pumpback
reflux
Top pump-around
Mid pump-around
Steam
No. 2 Sidestream
No. 3 S/S Stripper
Steam
Preheat
Furnace
Crude
Feed
Overhead
Distillate
No. 1 S/S Stripper
Steam
No. 1 Sidestream
No. 2 S/S Stripper
Flash Zone
Steam
Figure 1
Figure 1
PCI 108.04
No.3 Sidestream
Bottoms
13
Function

Fuels Blending Control
Ras Tanura Refinery - Plant 52 Diesel Blender - ABB Sim Dis
Ras Tanura Refinery - Plant 488 & 493 Rheniformer - ABB Sim Dis
PCI 108.04
14
Function
Process Analytical Techniques for
Boiling Point/Distillation Measurement
Principles of Operation
PCI 108.04
15
ASTM D86 Test Apparatus

Distillation
Thermometer
Constant
Pressure (P)
Condenser
Engler
flask
T2
Ice Water Bath
T0
T1
Vapor
Cardboard
Cover
100 mL Sample
0
Xi
Zi
Liquid
Yi
Mole Fraction of
Component
1.0
Graduated
Cylinder
Heater
PCI 108.04
Figure 2
Figure 2
16
Typical ASTM D86 Distillation Curve

TPB
450
(232)
ASTM -D86
400
(204)
350
(177)
TS - 28 Solvent
300
(149)
250
(121)
C4 Polymer
10
PCI 108.04
20
30
40
50
60
70
Volume Recovered (mL)
Figure 3
80
90
17
Function
Configuration of Boiling Point/Distillation
Analyzers
PCI 108.04
18
Process Boiling Point Analyzer Manufacturers

Manufacturer
ModelNo.
Type
CarloErba(Italy)
PD155
595%Point
LudlumSyscoLtd.
(UK)
1463
1463M
Distillar2000
597%Point
597%Point
IBPtoFBP
PrecisionScientific
Inc.(USA)
4452011
44522
BPAII
41468
595%Point
595%Point
595%Point
Vac.Dist.
PCI 108.04
Figure 4
19

Analyzers
Continuous Boiling Point/Distillation Analyzers
PCI 108.04
20
Precision Scientific BPA-II Boiling Point Analyzer

Air Supply
Sample
Pressure
Valve
Safety Out
P
#1
Amp.
TI
4-20mA
(isolated)
T/C
Float
Bottoms
Orifice
VHC
Reboiler
Manual
Flushing
Valve
Sample
In
TS PS
Overheads
Orifice
#2
Amp.
Sample
Outlet
Valve
Inlet
Valve
T/C
Tower
Strainer
Eductor
(Optional)
Filter
Coalescer
Sample
Out
Note: V alve configuration shown as

prior to start-up or upon fail safe.
PCI 108.04
Figure 5
21
BPA II
Precision Scientific Vacuum Distillation Monitor

Pressure Pressure
Transmitter Controller
Sample In
Coolant
Vacuum
Pump
Overheads
Reflux
Distillation
Tower
Sight
Glass
Rupture
Disc
Condenser
Thermocouple
Out
Vacuum
Drain
Vessel
Motor
115/230
VAC
Reboiler
To
Vacuum Atmosphere
Surge
Vessel
Overheads Pump
Bottoms
Pump
Sample
Out
Steam
Steam traced and N.C. N.O.
insulated line
PCI 108.04
Oil-filled Bath Housing
Figure 6
23
VACUUM DISTILLATION MONITOR 441468
Precision Scientific Model 44522 Boiling Point

Analyzer
% distilled 38 to 343C or 5% to 95% recovered
H/E
Coolant
In
Sample
In
Filter
Pressure
Differential Pressure
Regulator
Regulator
L.E.D.
Digital
Alphanumeric
Display
Keyboard
Display
H/E
Heater Volts and Thermocouple Output
Sample Temperature
Atmospheric Pressure
Remote Set Point
Alarms
Microprocessor
Unit
(M.P.U.)
Measured Variable
Coolant Temperature
Standpipe
Pump Suction Head
Pump RPM
H/E
Evaporator
Column
D/P Sensor
Coolant Out
Bottoms
Pump
Sample Out
PCI 108.04
Exhaust
Pump
Figure 7
Filter
H/E
25
Sysco (Rotork Analysis) Model 1463 Boiling Point

Analyzer
5% to 97% recovered or % distilled 65 to 350C
Th ermocouple
Signal Out
Power In Sample
Vent
Level
Co ntroller
Fla sh Cup
Fla me
Trap
17 Bar g
Level
Sensor
0 to 14 Bar g
PI
Vent
He at
Exchanger
Overflow
TI 0 to 93C
Sample
Flo wme ter
Sample
In
Bleed
10 Bar g
Dra in
Bleed
14 Bar g
Sample Pump Me asure Sample Pump

No . 1 In
No . 2 Cut
PCI 108.04
Fla me
Trap
Tube in Tube
He at Exchanger
Me asure
Figure 8
27

Analyzers

Analyzers that Duplicate the ASTM D86 Test
Method
PCI 108.04
28
Rotork Analysis (Hone) Distillar 2000 Boiling

Point Analyzer
Burette Vent
Burette
Valve
T/C
Flask
Analyzer
Box
Heater
Sample
End
Point
Detector
Burette
Sample
Valve
Sample
In
Sample
Overflow
Vent to
Safe Height
Cooling
Water In
Detector
Flask
Valve
Water
Out
Receiver
Vent
Recovery
Volume
Receiver Valve
Receiver Drain
Receiver Overflow
Flask Drain
Flame Trap
PCI 108.04
Initial Boiling Point

Recovery Point
Distillation Point
End Point
Total Recovery
Continuous Recovery
Continuous Temp
Drain
Figure 9
29
Rotork Analysis (Hone) Distillar 2000 Boiling

Point Analyzer
PCI 108.04
Initial Boiling Point

Recovery Point
Distillation Point
End Point
Total Recovery
Continuous Recovery
Continuous Temp
30

Analyzers

Analyzers that Duplicate the ASTM D86 Test Method
Simulated Distillation Analyzers
ASTM D2887 & D3710
PCI 108.04
31
Process GC Sim-Dis -Aramco Applications
Ras Tanura Refinery - Plant 52 - Diesel Blending

Ras Tanura Refinery - Plant 488 - Rheniformer
Ras Tanura Refinery - Plant 492 - Rheniformer
PCI 108.04
32
Process GC Sim-Dis Analyzer Manufacturers

PROCESSGCSIMDIS.ANALYZERS
Manufacturer
ModelNo.
ABBProcessAnalytics
(USA)
VISTAGC
VISTASFC
Strms.
AppliedAutomation
(USA)
ADVANCEGC
FluidData/Amscor
(USA)
MSIVBP
FoxboroAnalytical
(USA)
Model931C
RosemountAnalytical
(USA)
Model6750
UOPMonirexSystems
(USA)
BPt.Monitor
PCI 108.04
Figure 10
34
Function
Process Analytical Techniques for Boiling
Point/Distillation Measurement
Installation Considerations
PCI 108.04
35
Function
Operational Considerations
PCI 108.04
36
Function
Maintenance Considerations
PCI 108.04
37
Function
Specific Application Evaluation
PCI 108.04
38
Typical Atmospheric Pipestill

O/H Cooler
O/H
Accumulator
Gas
Pumpback
reflux
Top pump-around
Mid pump-around
PCI 108.04
Steam
No. 2 Sidestream
No. 3 S/S Stripper
Steam
Preheat
Furnace
Crude
Feed
Overhead
Distillate
No. 1 S/S Stripper
Steam
No. 1 Sidestream
No. 2 S/S Stripper
Flash Zone
No.3 Sidestream
Steam
Figure 11
Bottoms
39
Flow Diagram - Crude Atmospheric Distillation

O/H Condenser
Atmospheric
Pipestill
Top
Pumparound
Water
No. 1 S/S Stripper AT 95% Point
Steam
Kerosene
Middle
Pumparound
No. 2 S/S Stripper

Steam
Diesel Fuel
No. 3 S/S Stripper
Steam
Light Gas Oil
Bottom
Pumparound
Crude
Feed
Steam
To Fuel Gas
Reflux
Drum
Flash
Zone
No. 4 S/S Stripper

Steam
Heavy Gas Oil
Residue to Vacuum Pipestill
PCI 108.04
Figure 12
40
Sample Handling System for a Boiling Point

Analyzer
Lab
Sample
Point
Sample
Return
Fast
Loop
Fast Loop
Flowmeter
Fast
Loop
Filter
Sample
Cooler
Pressure
Regulator
Dual
Filter-Coalescer
System
A
Coolant
Sample Probe
Return
Water to
Drain
PCI 108.04
Figure 15
Secondary
Bypass
To Sample
Recovery
System
41
Perform Exercise 1
PAGE 197
PCI 108.04
42
Exercise 1 Key
Lab
Sample
Point
Sample
Return
Fast Loop
F
Flowmeter
Fast
Loop
Sample
Tap
Fast
Loop
Filter
Pressure
Regulator
To Sample
Recovery
System
Coalescer
A
Boiling
Point
Analyzer
Probe
PCI 108.04
Water
to Drain
Figure 87
43
VAPOUR PRESSURE ANALYSERS
Evaluating Vapor Pressure Analyzers
Function - to measure the vapor pressure of a

liquid process stream in order to monitor a
product specification or to provide data for
advanced control of fractionators and blending
systems.
PCI 108.04
45
Function
Fuels Blending
PCI 108.04
46
Vapor Pressure Analysers
Laboratory Methods:
ASTM D323 Volatile Crude Oil & Volatile Petroleum Products
ASTM D1267 Liquid Petroleum Gases
ASTM D5482 (93) Mini Method - Atmospheric
PCI 108.04
47
Function
Juaymah Gas Plant- RVP Tower - TOTCO
PS3 RVP Arab Super Light - ABB
Fuels Blending
Ras Tanura Refinery - Plant 28 MOGAS BLEND - ABB
PCI 108.04
48
Function
Fuels Blending
Vapor-Liquid Ratio Measurement
Ras Tanura Refinery - Plant 28 MOGAS Blend - Core Labs
PCI 108.04
49
Function
Process Analytical Techniques for Vapor Pressure
Measurement
Principles of Operation (Reid Method ASTM
D323)
PCI 108.04
50
Function
Measurement
Principles of Operation (Reid Method ASTM
D323)
Configuration of Vapor Pressure Analyzers
PCI 108.04
51
Reid Vapor Pressure Analyzers
PCI 108.04
52
Precision Scientific Reid Monitor Model 44770

Reid Monitor
20 PSIG Air Supply
Pressure
Transmitter
3-15 PSIG Output

Coolant
Coolant
0.3-148
PSIG
Feedback
25
#
Sample In
Sample
Out
Seal
Pot
Saturation Circ
Chamber Pump
Oil
Bath
125#
400
#
Calibration
Valve
Feed
Pump
Pump
Motor
Exhaust
Pump
20#
75#
PCI 108.04
10
#
Figure 16
53
ABB Process Analytics RVP Analyzer Model 4100
PCI 108.04
Figure 17A
54
ABB Process Analytics RVP Analyzer Model 4100

A
Transducer Output
Once Cycle
R
54 3
2 1
1
Purge cell
2
False fill
3,4,5 3 each 20 sec. purges of cell
6
Zero pressure reading
7
20 sec. sample filling cell
8
4 min. equilibration and
final pressure reading
Diagnostics During One Cycle
A.
B
C
D
E
F
DC
6
PCI 108.04
Figure 17B
Temperature and temperature

runaway monitoring and over
pressure protection
Air purge pressure test
Zero reading pressure
transducer test
Level sensor test
Sample fill test
Cell leak test and RVP
temperature confirmation
55

Kinetic (or Absolute) Vapor Pressure Analyzers
PCI 108.04
56
Precision Scientific Absolute Vapor Pressure

Analyzer - Principle
Incoming
Sample
V1
V2
P2
Sensing
Device
PCI 108.04
Figure 18
Measuring
Chamber
57
Principle Precision Scientific Absolute Vapor

Pressure Analyzer - Layout
Inlet Pressure Regulator
ASTM
Thermometer
Sample
In
Coolant
Back Pressure
Regulator
PT
Stirring
Motor
Sample
Oil
Ejector
Assembly
Filter
Bath
Heater
Temperature
Controller
PCI 108.04
RTD
Hi-temp C/O
Figure 19
58

TOTCO CVPT
PCI 108.04
59

Vapor/Liquid Ratio Analyzers
Ras Tanura Refinery - Plant 28 MOGAS Blender
PCI 108.04
60
Core Labs Volrac V/L Ratio

Analyzer
Fu el
Me tering
Pump
Excess Fuel
Control Instruments
& Analog Computation
V-L Seperator
Temperature
Co ntroller
Electric
Water
Heater
Mechanical
Chiiller
Co oler
Temp
Control
Hot Oil
Vapor
Liquid
Separator
Vapor
Flow
Meter
Liquid
Volume
Signal
Vapor
Volume
Signal
Ca lculate
Analyzed V/L
Target V/L
Select
Switch
Ca lculate
De lta V/L
(Anal-Targ)
V/L
A V/L
Hot W ater
+ 40
V/L = 8/40
V/L = _
Signal for Remote Devices
Standard
Fuel
Co alescer
Filter
Fu el Sample Loop
PCI 108.04
V/L
Temperature
Select
Switch
Excess Fuel
Figure 20
61
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
62
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
63
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
64
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
65
Flow Diagram - Gasoline Blending Process

Blend Header
Pumped
Fast Loop
Gasoline
Product
AT Vapor Pressure
Turbine
Meter
FC
FC
SP
Ratio
FC
SP
Ratio
FC
SP
Ratio
SP
FC
Ratio
SP
Ratio
Master Oscillator
Gasoline
Blending
Feed Stocks
Figure 21
PCI 108.04
66
Sample Handling System for a Vapor Pressure

Analyzer
Lab
Sample
Point
Sample
Return
Fast Loop
Flowmeter
Fast
Loop
Sample
Tap
PCI 108.04
Water to
Drain
Pressure
Regulator
Pressure
Regulator
Fast
Loop
Filter
Probe
To Sample
Recovery
A
Coalescer
Vapor
Pressure
Analyzer
Water to
Drain
Figure 24
67
Perform Exercise 2
PCI 108.04
68
Exercise 2 Key
To Sample
Recovery
System
Lab Sample
Point
Sample
Return
Fast Loop
F
Flowmeter
Fast
Loop
Pressure
Regulator
Fast
Loop
Filter
Vapor
Pressure
Analyzer
A
Pressure
Regulator
Sample
Tap
PCI 108.04
Probe
Standard
Sample
Figure 88
69
OCTANE ANALYSERS
Evaluating Octane Analyzers
Function - to measure the octane number of

intermediate feedstocks for gasoline blending and
octane number of the final blended gasoline.
PCI 108.04
71
Function
Gasoline Blending
PCI 108.04
72
Function
Gasoline Blending
Refinery Processes
PCI 108.04
73
Function
Gasoline Blending
Refinery Processes
Feedstocks for Gasoline Blending
PCI 108.04
74
Function
Process Analytical Techniques for Octane Number
Measurement
PCI 108.04
75
ASTM-CFR Engine for Octane Testing

A
N
M
B
K
D
C
J
I
E
G
H
PCI 108.04
A. Inake Surge Pipe

B. Coolant Condenser
C. Exhaust Surge Tank
D. Exhaust Manifold
E. Crank for Adjusting Compression
Ratio
F. Oil Drain Cap
G.Waste Fuel Can, Closed for Safety
H Oil Filter
I. Ignition Breaker
J. Cylinder Clamp
K. Intake Air Thermometer
L. Ignition Coil
M. Detonation Meter , Model 501-T
N. Knockmeter
O. Temperature Controller
Figure 25
76
ASTM-CFR Engine for Octane Testing

A
N
M
B
K
D
C
J
I
E
Compression Ratio 4-18

Coil & Distributor Ignition
Spark advance indicated
RON advance set at 13BTDC
RON SPEAD 600rpm
G
H
PCI 108.04
77
ASTM-CFR Engine for Octane Testing Bracketing - Procedure A - ASTM D2699

ON PRF :
SET CYL HEIGHT
FUEL LEV FOR MAX KI
SET METER TO 50 +/-2
ADJUST CYL HEIGHT SO
KI =MIDSCALE
FUEL LEV FOR MAX KI
ADJUST CYL HEIGHT 50+/- 2
RECORD
CYL HEIGHT
AND
RUN REFERENCE
FUEL
1:
FROM
EST
FUELGUIDE
LEVEL TABLES
FOR MAX
KI
ON
ENGINE STANDARDIZTION
RUN SAMPLE FUEL
RUN REFERENCE FUEL 1
RUN REFERENCE FUEL 2
PCI 108.04
RUN REFERENCE FUEL 2:

FUEL LEVEL FOR MAX KI
78
ASTM-CFR Engine for Octane Testing Bracketing - Procedure A - ASTM D2699
PCI 108.04
79
Function
Measurement
Configuration of Octane Analyzers
PCI 108.04
80
Analyzers Based on the ASTM-CFR Engine

Knock Intensity Method
PCI 108.04
81
Core Labs Model 8154 Octane Comparator

System
Excess
Fuel
Return
Sample
Loop
Prototype Fuel
Storage System
Power (Single Phase)
Power (Three Phase)
Cooling Water
Octane
Analyzer
Fuel
Conditioner
Octane
Analyzer
Fuel Cooler
Octane
Analyzer
Console
PCI 108.04
Drain
Crankcase
Vent
Exhaust
Figure 27
O.N. Recorder
X Flow
Integrator
ASTM
Engine
by
Waukesha
Octane
Analyzer
Interface
Blender
Control
Modifier
82

System (KI Method)
Octane Analyzer-Fuel System
Solenoid
Valve
ASTM
Engine
Coolant
Exchanger
Fuel
Selection
Valve
Rotometer
Proto
Pump
Proto
Tanks
Coolant
Exchanger
Pressure Regulator
Coalescer
Filter
Solenoid
Valve
PCI 108.04
Figure 28
Proto
Safety
Can
Sample
Loop
Bypass
Conn.
83

System (KI Method)
Octane Analyzer-Programmer Functions
Sample
Timer
Programmer
SampleTrack &
Hold Module
Fuel Selector Valve
Proto
Timer
PCI 108.04
Figure 28
Proto Track &

Hold Module
84

Knock Intensity Method
Compression Ratio Method
PCI 108.04
85

System (CR Method)
Filter &
Coalescer
Fuel
Cooler
Product Sample
Loop
Bulk Proto
Pump
Excess Fuel
Carburetor
Sequencing
Detonation
Meter
ASTM
Engine
CR
Motor
C R Motion
Transmitter
PCI 108.04
Pump
2 Gal.
Aux Proto
Product
Track
& Hold
CR
Control
Offset
Add
Subt
Delta O.N.
Display
Proto
Track
& Hold
Span
Figure 27
86

System (CR Method)
Constant Knock Intensity-Compression
Ratio Control System
Knockmeter
Pickup
ASTM
Engine
PCI 108.04
Detonation
Meter
Compression
Ratio
Controller
C.R.
Motor
Figure 28
87

System (CR Method)
C.R. Measurement and Delta ON Signal
Generation System
Sequencing
t T rack
Sample
Hold Module
ASTM
Engine
Span
O.N.
Output
Offset
O.N.
Output
Adder
Module
PCI 108.04
Proto Track &

Hold Module
Figure 28
O.N.
Meter
88
Associated Octel Octane Comparator System
PCI 108.04
Figure 29
89
Associated Octel Octane Comparator System Operating Sequence

B
C
Line
Gasoline
Line
Gasoline
Reference A
Gasoline
Reference
Gasoline
210 sec.
PCI 108.04
Figure 30
Time
90

Analyzers Based on Correlative Techniques
PCI 108.04
91
UOP Monirex Octane Analyzer

Temperature Differential
Controller
Pressure
Transmitter
MM TDC
TE1
(Low)
PSL
T)
TE2
(High)
MM Pressure
Switches
Row
TE Controller
TE
Sample R
Bypass
Loop
Sample
Inlet
Reactor
Chamber
Metering
Pump
R
TRC
Pressure
Controller
TE
Bath
Heater
Afterburner
TE
Vent to Stack
PI Pressure
Controller
Instrument Air
Preheater
A. Flow Schematic
PCI 108.04
Figure 31
92
Sample R
Bypass
Loop
Pressure
Controller
Controller
TE
Bath
Heater
UOP Monirex Octane

Preheater Analyzer
Sample
Inlet
Instrument Air
Metering
Pump
A. Flow Schematic
TE - 1
TE - 2
Increase in
Pressure
Shifts Peaks
Inlet
Increase in
Octane Shifts
Peak
25.4 mm
Reactor Tube Length
B. Peak Temperature Curve
PCI 108.04
Figure 31
93
Foxboro Model 81P Octane Analyzer - Operating

Conditions
A.
Spontaneous Combustion
400
350
Cool Flames
C 300
250
200
Partial Oxidations
Little or Nor Reactions Occur
Oxidation Reactions of Fuel-Air Mixes vs T

.B.
emperatures
1.2
1.0
.8
Temp. Max. or
Severity
Sample
Injection
Induction
Period
.6
Heat of
Vaporization
.4
0
6
12
Time, (sec)
18
24
30
Thermocouple Output vs T ime for T ypical Gasoline
PCI 108.04
C.
98
Figure 32
94
.6
Period
Heat of
Vaporization
Foxboro Model 81P Octane Analyzer - Operating

Conditions
0
6
12
18
24
30
.4
Time, (sec)
Thermocouple Output vs T ime for T ypical Gasoline

98
C.
96
RON
94
92
90
300 C 305 C
.2
1.0
Mv
RON vs Severity vs T
PCI 108.04
.6
1.4
310 C
315 C
.1.8
emperature
Figure 32
95
Foxboro Model 81P Octane Analyzer - Layout

Reactor Housing
Air Heater/
Sensor/Fan
Measuring T.C.
Reactor Block
Insulation
Air and Sample

Inlets
Display
Housing
Chromatographic Reactor
Type Inject Valve Housing
(Oven)
Sample Outlet
Power
Switch
Reference T.C.
Field
Connection
Reaction Zone
Cavity
Oven Temperature
Controller
Reactor Heaters
To Vent and Flash
Back Arrestor
Customer Service
Connection
(115 VAC)
Micro
Processor
Housing
Flow Panel
Outline
Drip Pot
Assembly
Pump Air
Filter/Reg./Oiler
Drip Pot
Pump
PCI 108.04
Figure 33
96

Analyzers Based on FTIR/FTNIR Spectrometry
PCI 108.04
97
PCI 108.04
98
VISIBLE SPECTRUM
PCI 108.04
99
Near Infra Red
PCI 108.04
100
PCI 108.04
101
Ras Tanura Refinery - Plant 28 RON & MON
PCI 108.04
102
PCI 108.04
103
PCI 108.04
104
Interferogram
PCI 108.04
105
Interferogram
PCI 108.04
107

Analyzers Based on FTIR/FTNIR Spectrometr
PCI 108.04
108
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
109
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
110
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
111
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
112
Flow Diagram - Gasoline Blending Process

Blend Header
Gasoline
Product
Pumped
Fast Loop
AT
Turbine
Meter
FC
FC
SP
Ratio
FC
SP
Ratio
FC
SP
Ratio
FC
SP
Ratio
SP
Ratio
Master Oscillator
Gasoline Blending
Feed Stocks
PCI 108.04
Octane
Number
Figure 34
113
Typical Sample Handling System for an Octane

Analyzer
Fuel Selector Valve
Fast Loop
Flowmeter F
Fast
Loop
Filter
Coalescer
To ASTMCFR Engine
Shutoff
Valves
Sample
Cooler
Pressure
Regulator
Coolant
Proto
Cooler
Pressure
Regulator
Probe
Water to
Drain
PCI 108.04
Proto
Pump
Figure 37
Coolant
Prototype
Fuel Storage
114
Perform Exercise 3
PCI 108.04
115
Exercise 3 Key
Lab
Sample
Point
Sample
Return
Fast Loop
Flowmeter F
Fast
Loop
Sample
Tap
PCI 108.04
To Sample
Recovery
Fast
Loop
Filter
A
Octane
Analyzer
Probe
Figure 89
116
FLASH POINT ANALYSERS
Evaluating Flash Point Analyzers
Function - to measure the flash point of

intermediate and final product streams in order to
monitor a final product flash point specification,
or to provide data for advanced process control.
PCI 108.04
118
Function
Crude Distillation
Fuels Blending
PCI 108.04
119
Function
Process Analytical Techniques for Flash Point
Measurement
PCI 108.04
120
ASTM D56 Flash Point Test Apparatus

Flame
Size
Bead
Oil
Chamber
Flame
Tip
Bath
Thermometer
Cup Thermometer
Test Cup
Overflow
Bath
Bath Stand for

Gas Burner
PCI 108.04
Gas Burner
Figure 38
121
ASTM D93 Flash Point Test Apparatus

Shutter
Pilot
Handle (Optional)
(Must not tip
empty cup)
Front
Stirrer Drive Flexible

Shaft (Pulley drive optional)
Flame Exposure
Device
Lid
Air Gap
Distance Piece
B
Top Plate
Stove
Air Bath
F-Min. thickness
over cup area i.e.,
metal surrounding
the cup
Heater FlameType or Electrical
Resistance Type
(Flame Type Shown)
PCI 108.04
Shutter Operating
Knob
D
Test Cup
mm
min
A
B
C
D
E
F
4.37
41.94
1.58
...
57.23
6.35
inches
max
(min)
(max)
5.16
42.06
3.18
9.52
57.86
...
(0.172)
(1.651)
(0.062)
(. . . )
(2.253)
(0.25)
(0.203)
(1.656)
(0.125)
(0.375)
(2.278)
(. . .)
No te-Lid assembly may be positioned either right or left-handed.
Figure 39
122
Function
Measurement
Configuration of Flash Point Analyzers
PCI 108.04
123
Analyzers that duplicate ASTM Test Methods
PCI 108.04
124
Precision Scientific General Flash Point Monitor

Model 44650
Control Chassis
FI
Solenoid
Valve Pressure
(Heating)
Switch
(Cooling)
115
Flash Cup
V.A.C.
H.V.
Elect.
T/C
Separator
FI
Sample
Heater
F.A.S.
PCI 108.04
115
V.A.
C.
Press.
Reg. Sample
In
Vent
RTD
Measuring Chassis
P T
P-1
P-2
Filter
Drain
Sample Out
Pump
L.P. Steam Assembly
Figure 40
125
Precision Scientific Flashpointer

Model 44607
Flash
Chamber
Vapor
Vent Lane
High V oltage
Electrode
Vapor
Thermocouple
Liquid
Thermocouple
Connections:
Sample Inlet Sample Outlet Electrical (2) Combustion Air
Purge Air -
1/8 FPT
1/4 FPT
3/4 FPT
- 1/8 FPT
1/4 FPT
Splash
Shield
Liquid
Drain
Line
Control
Assembly
Power
In
Air In
Combustion
Air
Sample In
Sample
Heater
(Measurement
Assembly )
Sample
Out
Sample
Outlet
Figure 41
Purge
Flash Pointer
Sample
In
118 VAC
PCI 108.04
Purge
Purge
126
Precision Scientific Integrated Flash Point

Monitor Model 44624
Flash
Pointer
Mechanical
Refrigeration
Unit
TI
Dry
Filtered
Air
Supply
Block
Valve
Calibration
Valve
PSD
Catalog
44807
Vent Flame
Arrester
8.8
34
Sample
In
Motor
Solenoid
Valve
Bleed Feed
Exhaust
Pump
Pump
Filter
Check
5.3
Coalescer
Valve
8.8
Bleed
Check
Valve
Sample
Out
5.0
PCI 108.04
34
= Denotes Relief V alve & Setting (kg./cm 2)
Figure 42
127
Precision Scientific Pipeline Flash Point Monitor

Model 44620
Standby
Reservoir
Flash
Pointer
Mechanical
Refrigeration
Unit
Calibration
Valve
8.8
TI
PSD
Catalog
44807
Vent Flame
Arrester
Air
Compressor
35
Sample
In
5.0
Check
Valve
Sample
Out
PCI 108.04
Bleed Valve
Solenoid
Solenoid
5.0
35
Solenoid
Motor
Bleed
Valve
Feed Exhaust
Pump Pump Check
Filter
Coalescer
Valve
Solenoid
= Deno tes Relief Valve & Setting (kg./cm2 )
Figure 43
128
Carlo Erba Flash-o-Matic Series 250 Flash Point

Analyzer
PCI 108.04
Figure 44
129
Analyzers that duplicate ASTM Test Methods

Analyzers that correlate with ASTM Test Methods
PCI 108.04
130
Rotork Analysis (Hone) Flashar Flash Point

Analyzer
Heated
Detector
Housing
Flash Unit
Box
Mixing
Chamber
Sample
Heater
Purge
Air
Air
Inlet
PCI 108.04
Vent
Detector Housing
Temperature Sensor
Air Preheat
Coil
Overflow Chamber
Flash Point Thermocouple
Heat Exchanger
and Drain Pipe
Flowmeter
Flame
Trap
Sample
to Drain
Filter
Flowmeter
Pressure
Regulator
Cal.
Sample
Sample
Inlet
Purge Air to Power Pack

Terminal Box and Control Box
Figure 45
131
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
132
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
133
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
134
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
135

O/H Condenser
Top
Pumparound
Reflux
To Fuel Gas
Reflux
Drum
Water
No. 1 S/S Stripper
Straight Run
Naptha
Steam
Kerosene
Flash point
No. 2 S/S Stripper
Atmospheric Pipestill
Middle
Pumparound
AT
Steam
Diesel Fuel
No. 3 S/S Stripper
Bottom
Pumparound
Steam
Light Gas Oil
No. 4 S/S Stripper
Crude
Feed
Steam
Flash
Zone
Steam
Heavy Gas Oil
PCI 108.04
Figure 46
136
Sample Handling System for a Flash Point

Analyzer
Lab
Sample
Point
Sample
Return
Fast
Loop
Fast Loop
Flowmeter
Sample
Tap
Fast
Loop
Filter
Sample
Cooler
Dual
FilterCoalescer
System
A
Pressure
Regulator Coolant
Probe
Water to
Drain
PCI 108.04
Figure 49
Secondary To Sample
Bypass
Recovery
System
137
Perform Exercise 4
PCI 108.04
138
Exercise 4 Key
Lab
Sample
Point
Sample
Return
Fast
Loop
Fast Loop
Flowmeter F
Fast
Loop
Filter
Pressure
Regulator
To Sample
Recovery
System
Sample
Cooler
Coolant
Analyzer
Flowmeter
A
Flash Point
Analyzer
Sample
Tap
PCI 108.04
Figure 90
139
VISCOSITY ANALYSERS
Evaluating Viscosity Analyzers
Function - to measure the viscosity of a process

stream in order to monitor a product specification
or to provide data for advanced process control.
PCI 108.04
141
Function
- Crude Distillation (Bottoms residue - Vacuum
Tower Side streams)
- Fuels Blending
- Lube Oil Production
PCI 108.04
142
Function
Process Analytical Techniques for Viscosity
Measurement
PCI 108.04
143
Friction in Solids
f=Mg Sin & F=Mg Cos
Coefficient of Friction = f/F = Tan
Mg
Inclined
Plane
PCI 108.04
Figure 50
144
Friction in Fluids - Viscosity
Dynamic Viscosity in Poise is the force needed per unit area to maintain a velocity
difference of 1 cm/sec between layers of fluid 1 cm apart
PCI 108.04
145
Friction in Fluids - Viscosity
Force = Dynamic Viscosity * Area * Velocity

Distance
Dynamic Viscosity = F * d Ns/m2
A v
Dynamic Viscosity in Poise is the force needed per unit area to maintain a velocity difference of
1 cm/sec between layers of fluid 1 cm apart
PCI 108.04
146
Kinematic Viscosity
Dynamic Vis cosity()

Kinematic Vis cos ity()
Density()
Unit of Measurement
Stokes or Centistokes
PCI 108.04
147
The Nature of Fluid Flow
PCI 108.04
148
The Effect of Temperature on Viscosity
V = Specific Volume
T = Temperature
A & B = Constants
Viscosity of liquids decreases with temperature
Viscosity of gases increases with temperature
PCI 108.04
149
CLASSICAL METHODS OF MEASURING

VISCOSITY
Capillary Method - Poiseuilles

U Tube Method
Rotating Cylinder Method
Falling Sphere Method - Stokes
PCI 108.04
150
Classical Methods - Capillary - dp Type

Poiseuille's Method of Viscosity Measurement
Hagen - Poiseulle
Absolute Viscosity = Shear Stress = PR/2L
Shear Rate
4Q/ R3
= PR4
8QL
P = Pressure differential across fluid in tube
R = Radius Inside Tube
L = tube Length
Q
= Volumetric
rate of fluid
PCI
108.04
151
Classical Methods
U-Tube Method of Viscosity Measurement
T
A
Constant
Temperature
Bath
C
E
PCI 108.04
Figure 53
152
Classical Methods
Rotating Cylinder Method
R2
A
R1
PCI 108.04
Figure 54
153
Classical Methods
Stokes' Method of Viscosity Measurement
f2
f1
PCI 108.04
Figure 55
Sphere
Radius r
Velocity
Denisty D
Fluid
( Density d )
154
Function
Measurement
Configuration of Viscosity Analyzers
PCI 108.04
155
Capillary DP Type (Poiseuille Method)
PCI 108.04
156
Process Viscometer - CAPPILARY TYPE

Precision Scientific Model 41070
AS TM
Sp ent Thermo me te r
Sa mp le
Ou t
Fast Lo op
Sa mple In
Filter
Fast Lo op
Sa mp le Out
Pri ma ry
Heat Exch .
Low Tempe rature
Interlock S wi tch
PCI 108.04
Se co ndary
Heat Exch .
Gear Pump
Pre ssur e
Drop Tub e
High
Tempe rature
Sh ut- down
Sa mple out,
3/8 NPT
Sa mp le in, 1 /2 NPT
Coola nt in , 1/4 NP T
Sa mp le out, 1/2 NPT
Ele ctrical,
1/2 NPT
Coola nt
Tran smitter
Conn ectio ns
(Typical)
Tempe rature
Controll er
Drain,
1/2 NPT
Figure 59
157
Process Viscometer- CAPPILARY TYPE

Rotork Analysis - Ludlum Sysco Model 1070
Range - By Capillary Selection

Max: 0-2500cP
Min: 0-5cP
Repeatability: +/- 0.5% FS
Precision: +/- 1.0% FS
Response time: up to 3 minutes
PCI 108.04
158

Precicion Scientific Model 44860
Air In
Thermoswitch
Remote Readout
(Optional)
0 - 10 VDC
Purge Air
Coolant
Steam
Strainer
Sample
In
TC P
T
T/C
M
Check
Valve
E/I
TC
P
See
Note 2
4 - 20 mA DC
Electrical Control
Housing
Thermometer
(Optional)
D/
P
Capillary
400 psig
Relief
Sample
Out
PCI 108.04
Booster
Pump
75 LPH
Feed
Pump
50 LPH
Figure 60
Pressure
Regulator
Overflow
Drain
159

Precision Scientific Model 44860
Range: 2- 4000cP by
selection of one
of 13 capillaries
Accuracy:Correlations with
labs +/- 1%
Repeatability: +/- 0.5% FS
Response: 2 to 3 minutes
RT Refinery - Plant 52 Diesel Blender
PCI 108.04
160

Vibrational Type
- ABB Model 1800 Viscometer
- Dynatrol 900 Series Viscometer
PCI 108.04
161
Process Viscometer - Vibrating Element

ABB Process Analytics Ultraviscoson
1800 UV
Control
Automatic
Temperature
Compensation
Circui try
Recorder
Standard system with

automatic temperature
compensation option
Viscosity
Probe
1800 UV
Control
Standard system
multiprobe
PCIwith
108.04
option
Temperature
Compensation
Probe
Multipoint
Unit
Figure 61A
Recorder
Legend
Switching Circuits
Viscosity Information
162
Process Viscometer - Vibrating Element ABB

Process Analytics Ultraviscoson
Immersion
Length
3/4 NPT Guard

Mounting
Fitting
Junction
Box
Junction Box
3/4 NPT Probe

Mounting
Fitting
3/8 NPT Guard 3/8 NPT

Mounting
Fitting
Hermetic
Seal
P/N 6 317 61
Standard Proces Probe Standard immersion length
3/4 Pipe
Hermetic
Seal
P/N 6 306 00
Standard Proces Probe For applications where flange

mounting is required
Junction Box
3/4 Pipe
3/4 NPT Guard

Hermetic Seal
Mounting
Fitting
3/4 NPT
1 1/4 NPT Probe

Mounting Fitting
P/N 630508
Round Slotted Probe Guard
P/N 6 306 01
Standard Proces Probe For heavy duty applications
PCI 108.04
Figure 61B
P/N 630624
Flat Plate Probe Guard
Probe Guards
163

Automation Products Dynatrol 900 Series
Pickup End
Range
3/4"
N.P.T.
100
Drive
Coil Driver
End
9/16"
Node
Point
Drive Soft Iron

1/2"
Armature
Stator
Conduit
Hub
80
60
40
20
0
10
100
1K
10K 100K
Viscosity-Centipoise
*Note: Mid-ranges also available.
Detector
Detector
Converter
Temperature
Element
PCI 108.04
Converter
Recorder Controller
(User furnished)
Figure 62
Recorder Controller
(User furnished)
164

Nametre Vibrating Sphere Viscometer
Display and/or
Recording Device
Squaring
Amplifier
Operational
Rectifier
and
Low Pass Filter
Phase Shifter
and
Attenuator
Amplitude
Reference
Circuit
Precision
Amplitude
Monitoring
Circuit
Gain
Controlled
Amplifier
PreAmpl.
Oscillatory Member
Driver
Detector
Driver Shaft
Liquid Level
Groove
Compliant Stainless
Steel Sheath
Shear Wave
PCI 108.04
Figure 63
165

Vibrational Type
Rotating Disc Type (Torque Measurement)
PCI 108.04
166
Process Viscometer - Rotating Element

Brookfield Model VTA120 Process Viscometer
PCI 108.04
Figure 64
167
Brookfield Model TT 100 In-Line Process

Viscometer - Ras Tanura Refinery Plant 52
PCI 108.04
Figure 65
168
Contraves Model DC-43 Process Viscometer
Junction Box only

in case of explosionproof design
Connection
Cable
Cooling water
connection inlet
and outlet
G 1/4". Casing
jacket must be
ordered separately
Separate thread here
prior to welding
PCI 108.04
Figure 66
169
Eurcontrol Model VISC-21 Process Viscometer

1
2 3
8 9
5 6
10 11
10
12
Key:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
PCI 108.04
Electric Motor
Angular Contact Ball Bearings
Drive Shaft
Mechanical Seal
Measuring Vessel
Rotating Disc
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Support Bracket
Measuring Disc (Stationary)
O-Ring Seal
Angular Contact Ball Bearing
Measuring Shaft
Transducer Cover
Figure 67
170
Brabender Convimeter Process Viscometer

Schematic
Diagram
Measuring Head
10
9
8
7
6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Protection Sheath
Cylindrical Sensing Device
Conical Mantle
Metal Bellows
Drive Shaft
Differential Gear
Metering Spring
Inductive Transducer
2-Speed Synchronous Motor
Removable Cover
Flow in Protection Sheath
5
4
3
2
1
PCI 108.04
Figure 68
171

Vibrational Type
Falling Piston Type (Stokes Method)
PCI 108.04
172
Norcross Falling Piston Viscometer - Operating

Principle
Filling Phase
End of
Measuring Phase
Piston Rod
(Attached to
Lifting Mechanism)
Piston
Raised
Tube
Opening
Measuring
Tube
Piston
Bottomed
PCI 108.04
Figure 69
173
Norcross Model M-36 Process Viscometer

Sample Flow
Valve
(Adjustable)
3/8" NPT
Outlet
Piston
Position
Indicator
Upper
Magnet
Piston
Primary
Flow
Lower
Magnet
Proximity
Switch
3/8" NPT
Inlet
Sample
Solenoid
Valve
PCI 108.04
Sample
Flow
Screen
Figure 70
174

Vibrational Type
Falling Piston Type (Stokes Method)
Electromagnetic Type
PCI 108.04
175
Cambridge Applied Systems Process Viscometer
Temperature
Probe
1/2" NPT
15
Slde-Ring
Slide-Ring Sensor
Immersion Viscosity Sensor
PCI 108.04
Figure 71
176
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
177
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
178
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
179
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
180

O/H Condenser
Top
Pumparound
Bottom
Pumparound
Crude
Feed
Steam
To Fuel Gas
Water
Straight Run
No. 1 S/S Stripper Naptha
Steam
Kerosene
Atmospheric Pipestill
Middle
Pumparound
Reflux
Reflux
Drum
No. 2 S/S Stripper

Steam
Diesel Fuel
No. 3 S/S Stripper
Steam
Light Gas Oil
No. 4 S/S Stripper
Steam
Heavy Gas Oil
Flash
Zone
Viscosity
AT
PCI 108.04
Figure 73
181
Typical Sample Handling System for a Viscosity

Analyzer
Solvent
Solven
t
Fast Loop
Filters
Probe
Sample
Tap
Viscosity
Analyzer
Pressure
Regulator
TA
Fast
Loop
Sample
Return
PCI 108.04
Low Temp.
Alarm
To Solvent
Recovery
Fast Loop
F Flowmeter
Lab
Sample
Point
Figure 76
To Sample
Recovery
Notes:
1. All lines and components to be heat
traced and insulated.
2. Solvent injection valves to be
actuated on loss of temperature in
fast loop, (Signal from low temp.
alarm).
182
Perform Exercise 5
PCI 108.04
183
Exercise 5 Key
Lab
Sample
Point
Sample
Return
Fast
Loop
Analyzer
Flowmeter
Fast Loop
Flowmeter F
Fast
Loop
Filter
Pressure
Regulator
A
Viscosity
Analyzer
Sample
Tap
PCI 108.04
Figure 91
184
COLOUR ANALYSERS
Evaluating Color Analyzers
Function - to measure the color of a petroleum

product or intermediate stream.
PCI 108.04
186
Function
Fuels Processing
PCI 108.04
187
Function
Fuels Processing
Heat Exchanger Leakage
PCI 108.04
188
Function
Color Measurement
PCI 108.04
189
Typical Chromophoric Groups

Chromophore
Ether
Group
O
Thioether
Amine
Mercaptan
Alkyne
SH
C2 H5
SH
CHO
Ketone
CO
Azocompound
CH 3
NH2
Alcohol
Nitrocompound
CH3
CC
Alkene
CH3
NH 2
CC
Aldehyde
Example
C2H5 O C2 H2
OH
NO 2
NN
CH2
CHC
CH3
CH3
CH2
CHO
CCH2
C2 H 5
OH
(CH3 )2 CO
CH3
CH 3
NO2
NN
CH3
Benzene
Napthalene
(C=C)n
Anthracene
PCI 108.04
Figure 77
190
Relationship Between Wavelength and Color

Wavelength(nm)
PCI 108.04
TransmittedColor
ComplementaryHue
<380
Ultraviolet
380435
Violet
Yellowishgreen
435480
Blue
Yellow
480490
Greenishblue
Orange
490500
Bluishgreen
Red
500560
Green
Purple
560580
Yellowishgreen
Violet
580595
Yellow
Blue
595650
Orange
Greenishblue
650780
Red
Bluishgreen
>780
Nearinfrared
Figure 78
191
Spectral Response of Color Standards

B
2.0
APHA 20
1.0
APHA 15
APHA 10
0
400
500
600
Absorbance
Absorbance
2.0
SAYBOLT 14.3
1.0
SAYBOLT 25.0
500
600
Wavelength
Wavelength
PCI 108.04
0
400
SAYBOLT 19.4
Figure 79A & B
192
Spectral Response of Color Standards

C
2.0
ASTM 1
ASTM 2
Absorbance
ASTM 3
ASTM 4
ASTM 5
1.0
0
400
ASTM 6
500
600
700
800
Wavelength
PCI 108.04
Figure 79C
193
Function
Process Analytical Techniques for Color
Measurement
Configuration of Color Analyzers
PCI 108.04
194
Customs Sensors & Technology Model 5520 Color

Analyzer
Splitter
Light
Source
Fiber-Optic Cables
Electronics
Sample Cell
Reference Filter
Measuring Filter
and Detector
and Detector
Analyzer
Internal Reference
Splitter
Fiber-Optic Cables
Electronics
Light
Source
Sample Cell
Reference Filter
Measuring Filter
and Detector
and Detector
Analyzer
External Reference
PCI 108.04
Figure 80A
195
Customs Sensors & Technology Model 5520 Color

Analyzer
PCI 108.04
Figure 80B
196
Precision Scientific Model 42015 Colorimeter

Fiber Optic Source
Alarm
Relay
(2)
AC
Display
Lamp
Digital
PCB
4/20 mA
Analog
PCB
Power Supply
Power Alarm Module
Control/Display Module
Optical
Fillers
Sample
Out
Source
Sample
In
PCI 108.04
Photodiodes
Detector
Flow Cell
Flow Cell Enclosure
Figure 81
197
Precision Scientific Model 42015 Colorimeter
ASTM D1500
SAYBOLT D-156
Max Temperature: 55C
Sam Pressure: 147psig
1470psig@ 150C
Sam Temp: -20 to 150C
Class1, Division 1, B,C&D
PCI 108.04
198
Rotork Analysis Model 7613 Color Alarm
Power
Supply
Tungsten
Lamp
Gating
Twist-to-Test
Filter
PCI 108.04
Supervisory
Circuit
Ref.
Store
Alarm
Relay
Photo diode
Motor Sample
Cell
Chopping
Disc
Figure 82
Meas.
Store
Comparator
199
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
200
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
201
Evaluating Color Analyzer
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
202
Evaluating Color Analyzer
Function
Measurement
PCI 108.04
203

O/H Condenser
Atmospheric
Pipestill
Top
Pumparound
Reflux
Water
Straight Run
No. 1 S/S Stripper Naptha
Steam
Kerosene
Middle
Pumparound
No. 2 S/S Stripper

Steam
Diesel Fuel
AT
No. 3 S/S Stripper
Steam
Light Gas Oil
Bottom
Pumparound
Crude
Feed
Steam
To Fuel Gas
Reflux
Drum
Flash
Zone
No. 4 S/S Stripper

Steam
Heavy Gas Oil
PCI 108.04
Figure 83A
204
PCI 108.04
Figure 83B
205
Typical Sample Handling System for a Color

Analyzer
Lab
Sample
Point
Sample
Return
Fast Loop
F
Flowmeter
Fast
Loop
Fast
Loop
Filter
To Sample
Recovery
Pressure
Regulator
Sample
Filter
Cooler Coalescer
Coolant
Sample
Tap
A
Bypass/Isolation
Valves
Water +
Sample to
Recovery
Probe
PCI 108.04
Analyzer
Flowmeter
Figure 86
206
Perform Exercise 6
PCI 108.04
207
Exercise 6 Key
Lab
Sample
Point
Sample
Return
Fast Loop F
Flowmeter
Fast
Loop
Sample
Tap
PCI 108.04
To Sample
Recovery
Fast
Loop
Filter
Pressure
Regulator
A
Color
Analyzer
Probe
Figure 92
208
Perform Evaluation
PCI 108.04
209
Evaluation Key
Lab
Sample
Point
Sample
Return
Fast
Loop
Fast Loop
Flowmeter
Probe
Sample
Return
PCI 108.04
Fast
Loop
Filter
Sample
Cooler
Dual
Filter-Coalescer
System
A
Pressure
Regulator
Coolant
Water to
Drain
Figure 93
Secondary To Sample
Bypass Recovery
System
210
Pour Point
PCI 108.04
211

Physical Property Analyzers

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Physical Property Analyzers

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Saudi Aramco Professional Engineering

BOILING POINT & DISTILLATION

Evaluating Boiling Point/Distillation Analyzers

Function - To measure the temperature of a

Evaluating Boiling Point/Distillation Analyzers

Crude Distillation Control

Evaluating Boiling Point/Distillation Analyzers

Crude Distillation Control

Evaluating Boiling Point/Distillation Analyzers

ASTM D86 Test Apparatus

Ice Water Bath

Typical ASTM D86 Distillation Curve

Evaluating Boiling Point/Distillation Analyzers

Process Boiling Point Analyzer Manufacturers

Configuration of Boiling Point/Distillation

Continuous Boiling Point/Distillation Analyzers

Precision Scientific BPA-II Boiling Point Analyzer

Note: V alve configuration shown as

Precision Scientific Vacuum Distillation Monitor

Oil-filled Bath Housing

VACUUM DISTILLATION MONITOR 441468

Precision Scientific Model 44522 Boiling Point

Heater Volts and Thermocouple Output

Pump Suction Head

Sysco (Rotork Analysis) Model 1463 Boiling Point

Sample Pump Me asure Sample Pump

Configuration of Boiling Point/Distillation

Continuous Boiling Point/Distillation Analyzers

Rotork Analysis (Hone) Distillar 2000 Boiling

Initial Boiling Point

Rotork Analysis (Hone) Distillar 2000 Boiling

Initial Boiling Point

Configuration of Boiling Point/Distillation

Continuous Boiling Point/Distillation Analyzers

Process GC Sim-Dis -Aramco Applications

Ras Tanura Refinery - Plant 52 - Diesel Blending

Process GC Sim-Dis Analyzer Manufacturers

Evaluating Boiling Point/Distillation Analyzers

Evaluating Boiling Point/Distillation Analyzers

Evaluating Boiling Point/Distillation Analyzers

Evaluating Boiling Point/Distillation Analyzers

Typical Atmospheric Pipestill

Flow Diagram - Crude Atmospheric Distillation

No. 2 S/S Stripper

No. 4 S/S Stripper

Residue to Vacuum Pipestill

Sample Handling System for a Boiling Point

VAPOUR PRESSURE ANALYSERS

Evaluating Vapor Pressure Analyzers

Function - to measure the vapor pressure of a

Evaluating Vapor Pressure Analyzers

Vapor Pressure Analysers

Evaluating Vapor Pressure Analyzers

Evaluating Vapor Pressure Analyzers

Evaluating Vapor Pressure Analyzers

Evaluating Vapor Pressure Analyzers

Configuration of Vapor Pressure Analyzers

Reid Vapor Pressure Analyzers

Precision Scientific Reid Monitor Model 44770

3-15 PSIG Output

ABB Process Analytics RVP Analyzer Model 4100

ABB Process Analytics RVP Analyzer Model 4100

Temperature and temperature

Configuration of Vapor Pressure Analyzers