GLASS

A
Ass aa B
Bu
uiilld
diin
ng
g M
Maatteerriiaall

Basic Terms
Beads or Glazing Beads : A strip of wood, metal or other suitable material
attached to the rebate to retain the
glass.
Curtain wall: Non load bearing structure / partition of glass attached in a
frame
Faceted Glazing : Flat panes of glass installed vertically at an angle to each
other, to form a faceted curve.
Fin : A piece of glass positioned and fastened to provide lateral support
Glazing : The securing of glass in prepared openings in windows, door panels,
partitions and the like.
Heat Strengthened Glass : Glass which has been heated past its softening
point and chilled rapidly to increase its strength and make it thermally safe,
but which breaks like annealed glass.
Rebate : The part of a surround; the cross section of which forms an angle
into which the edge of the glass is received

TYPES OF GLASS
Float Glass

Tinted
Glass

Reflective
Glass

Toughened
Glass

Wired
Glass

Obscure
Glass

COMPOS
ITION:

Sand, Dolomite
Soda ash
Lime Stone

THICKNE
SS

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19MM

BUILDIN
G
INDUSTR
Y:

For smaller window in domestic

house.

COMMER
CIAL
GLAZING

POPULAR IN COMMERCIAL
APPLICATION
IMPRESSION OF BEING OUTSIDE WITH
BEING INSIDE.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

TINTED GLASS
GLASSES
IS
MADE
BY ADDING
COLOR TO
THE
MOLTEN
GLASS
DURING
MELT
STATE.

COMMON
INDICATIO
N:
BLUE
GREY
BRONZE

ADVANTAGE

DISADVANTAGE

High degree of
light transmitted

Attacked by
hydraulic acid

ULTRA VIOLET
TRANSMISSION
HEAT TRANSMISSION

Ability to produce
ina range of colors

Prone to breakage

HAS ISULATION
PROPERTIES
AESTHETICAL
ALTERNATIVE FOR
CLEAR GLASS

Chemical inertness

GREEN
ACTI
ON
AGAI
NST

Easy to clean

PURPOSE OF GLASS
Behavior towards light
Transparency (visual
connectivity)
Lighting
Reflector, etc.
To make building artistic
and attracting

ASS FIXTURES
Fixture of glass as a building
construction material.

window
door
facade, etc.
Fixture of glass as a
furniture.
Shelf
Centre table
Wardrobe

GLASS

AS A BUILDING
MATERIAL

Use of Glass on Large Scale

Curtain Walls
A curtain wall system is an outer covering of a building in which
the outer walls are non-structural, but merely keep the weather
out and occupants in.

S PA C E F R A M E S T R U C T U R E S

A space frame or space structure is a

truss-like, lightweight rigid structure
constructed from interlocking struts in a
Application
of Glass over trusses fulfills the
geometric pattern.
need of providing natural light into the
spaces, also makes the building looks
pleasing.

USE OF GLASS ON SMALL SCALE

Windows: Glasses with various color shades, in
different shapes and sizes are available to make
windows
Doors: alternative to other door making material
like wood, steel and Aluminium etc.
Rust-free and water resistant, is widely being
used in modern day bathrooms
Glass panels of various sizes are used to
make small chambers within a bathroom,
that
separates shower area to the rest of the
Glass
panels are also used to make Railings of
bathroom.
Stairs or in a balcony

THERMAL BEHAVIOUR
The property of a material to expand in size as the temperature is
raised. Most glasses have a relatively linear expansion rate between
0 and 300C.

THERM
AL
PROPE
RTIES
OF
SOME

WINDOW GLASS:-Thermal conductivity of window glass lies

between 0.8 to 1.4.It have small change in its size due to thermal
expansion.
WIRED GLASS:-It has a melting point higher than that of ordinary
glass and as such it resists fire better. It is used for fire resisting
doors ,windows ,skylights and roofs.
SAFETY GLASS:-It also have a melting point higher than that of
other glasses. Wired glass falls under the category of safety glass.
INSULATING GLASS:-It provides a high resistance to heat flow. the
sealed air makes the coefficient of heat transmission of the glass
low and hence it keeps the appartment cool in summer and warm
in winter

RESISTING PROPERTY
BULLE
T
RESIST
ING
GLASS:
-

It have low thermal conductivity.

Change in volume due to expansion or contraction is small.
Considered to be a good fire resisting material.

It is used in bank teller, cages , cashier booths etc. due to

its more pressure bearing capacity.
CALOREX:- Possesses the most valuable property of heat exolution.
Opaque to ultra violent rays cut out the heat of the sun.
It absorbs 4/5th of the suns heat and has the additional
advantages of reducing the effect of fading sunlight.

EFFECT OF WIND
When the glass is exposed to sudden variation of
air pressure or wind it fractures or cracks.
Glass breakage through imposed dynamic
pressures and the possible domino effect in
faade failure caused by the breakage of a single
Fractures
and cracks can be minimised by
glass pane.
selecting a good quality thickened glass.
By the use of glass reinforced with steel wire
netting such cracks can be minimised.

FIXING
DETAILS

D-SHAPED CLAMP
CLAMP MADE OF
STAINLESS STEEL
PERFORATION IS
MADE IN GLASS
GLASS IS FIXED IN
THE GRROVE
PROVIDED.
USED AROUND
SQUARE OR
ROUND POSTS

SQUARE CLAMP
MADE OF
STAINLESS STEEL
SAME AS THE DSHAPED CLAMP
USED FOR
VERTICAL SUPPORT
IDEAL FOR 10-12
MM THICK GLASS

ANCHOR PINS
MADE OF STAINLESS STEEL
USED TO SUPPORT GLASS
ABOVE FLOOR LEVEL
A, B, C VARIES IN WIDE
RANGE
USED FOR HORIZONTAL
SUPPORT OF THE GLASS

A VARIES FROM 19MM TO 50MM

B (BODY LENGTH) VARIES FROM20-30MM

HANDRAIL BRACKET
Suits 10-15mm Glass
Supplied with flat and
curved saddles
Can be welded directly
to handrail

TYPES OF
CLAMPS

TYPES OF FIXING
STUB
POST
FIXIN
G

CLA
MP
FITTI
NGS
2
edge
suppo
rt

Glass panels are

bolted together
with stainless steel
stub posts which
STUB POST
are fixed into
concrete through
core
Glassdrilled
panelsholes
are
or
surface by
supported
mounted.
stainless steel
clamp fixings to
vertical posts on
CLAMP FITTINGS
each side. No
holes

TYPES OF FIXING
SPID
ER
FIXIN
G2
edge
suppo
rt
CHA
NNEL
GLAZ
ED
2
edge
suppo
rt

Glass panels are supported by

bolt through 2 way stainless
steel
spider fittings to vertical posts
on each side. Provides 2 panel
link with flush or proud glass
connectors.
Glass panels are supported in a
channel fixed to vertical posts
on each side

DETAIL:
Spider Fixing

POINT FIX BALUSTRADE

CLAMPINGS

INSTALLATION
FIXING DETAIL

&

FIN DESIGN & DETAIL

Minimum design requirements
are:
Fins
should
always
be
mechanically
fixed
to
the
structure by means of a back to
back steel or stainless steel fin
bracket ;
Structural fins should not be less
than 12mm in thickness and
should always be toughened
Internal entries
When the width of the sidelite
(A) plus
the height of the highlite (B)

FI
N

DETAILS

PIVOT DOORB

HINGE B DETA

A
Hinge A detail

G-TECH PIVOT DOOR SYSTEM

GLASS DOOR ATTACHED TO GLASS WALL

DETAILING

GLAZED WALLS SINGLE TIER

Glass fins in most
cases must run the
full length of the
panel height and
be channel glazed
or
mechanically
secured depending
on the application.

FIN SUPPORT
With
full
height
fin
designs,
(X)
must be no
less than 2/3
of
the
fin
width
required.

GLAZED WALLS MULTI TIER

STACKED SYSTEMS

SPIDER FIXING
HOPE FOR SKY SCRAPERS

SKY SCRAPPER

STRUCTURAL BALUSTRADING
SOLUTION FOR BALCONIES

GLASS PARTITIONING

Glass used as a
Building Material

FIXING OF GLASS WALLS

Choose the right glass block for your project.
Draw a diagram of the installation.
Mix the glass mortar
Put down a bed of mortar and place the first row of blocks.
Place the appropriate spacers between the blocks.
Install anchors and reinforcing rods every 2 feet (30 cm) to

provide strength and stability to your glass block installation.

Tool the joints
Clean any stray mortar off the faces of the blocks with a
damp cloth.
Seal the perimeter and joints when the mortar is completely
set

FRAMELESS SHOWER SCREENS

Frameless toughened safety glass can

provide an alternative to standard
aluminium framed shower screens.
National Glass can supply shower door
options as shown.
Minimum
recommended
thickness
should be 10mm toughened safety
glass.
FIXING METHOD:
The recommended method is to
mechanically fix the glass with special
bolt through plated brass or stainless
steel angle brackets
A second method is to use an aluminium
or plated brass U channel which is
screw fixed to the wall and floor and the
glass is fixed into the channel using
structural grade silicone.

MAXIMUM SHOWER
DOOR
WIDTH/HEIGHT
Width (mm)
Wall hung doors
600
700
Glass hung doors
550
650
Height (mm)
Wall hung doors 1850
2100
Glass hung doors 1850
2100

DIFFERENT WAYS OF ARRANGEMENT

GLASS FLOORING

usually a multilaminated glass madeup of 23 panels of

annealed glass
one panel of 6mm
toughened glass
non slip coating to the
trafficable surface.
The coating is ceramic
fired paint for
durability and wear.

INSTALLATION DETAILS
It is recommended that the glazing
block shall have shore hardness 80 to
90;
The joints between the floor panels
and structure shall be 6mm minimum;
It is recommended to use Dow Corning
for the sealants around the floor
panels;
The recommended support width for
the floor panels shall be 20mm
minimum;
Maximum allowable deflection in
support framing is span over 500.

STANDARD NON SLIPPY SURFACE

PATTERN

WHAT NBC SAYS?

Safety Glass Safety glass shall be of four
types as follows:
a) Toughened Safety (Tempered) Glass (TS)
b) Toughened Float Safety Glass (TF)
c) Laminated Safety Glass (LS)
d) Laminated Float Safety Glass (LF)
Glass at b and d shall be preferred.
Critical Locations:
Where there is danger of falling infill glass
materials from overhead glazing
b) Where there is danger of falling due to a
change in floor level
c) In case of balustrades, stairs and floors.

CRITICAL LOCATIONS

1.VERTICALWALLS
.Vertical walls - with

residual protection or
SILL LVL > 0.75m (not
likely to be subjected to
human impact).

CASE- 3
Glass shelter, risk of fall
CASE-2
Vertical walls ; Hs <
0.75m & Hf < 1.5m
(human impact but no
risk of fall)

Case: 4
Glass acting as a balustrade, parapet or a railing
(human impact and risk of fall both)

Glass Buildings

Building
Cosmo City
Location
Gurgaon, Delhi India
Architect
Rajiv Gandhi & Associates,
Delhi
Glazing products used
Pilkington Eclipse
Advantage
Arctic Blue T (toughened)

EZEIZA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA
Location
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Architects
M-SG-S-S-S
Urgell-Fazio-Penedo-Urgell
Glazing products used
Pilkington Eclipse
Advantage EverGreen
Pilkington Energy
Advantage
Pilkington Optifloat Clear
Pilkington Optilam Phon

CONCLUSION
Glass

production has changed substantially

over the past 4,000 years.
todays float technology is characterized by
continuous production and the capability of
producing a wide range of glass thicknesses,
sizes, and c
Fabricated glass products further expand the
use of glass for a variety of purposes, including
safety, security, sound control, and energy
efficiency colors.
Glass is a dynamic and important part of
residential and commercial building design.
It has the importance of glass in todays
construction environment as a medium for
natural lighting and energy conservation

CITED WORKS
BOOKS:
1. R. CHUDLEY
2. R. GREENO
3. NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2005
4. GLASS CODE OF AUSTRALIA
.MANUALS:
Stevens glass fixing manual
Syracuse glass company
Architectural Glass Guide

THANK YOU