TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

OF ACUTE ANGLES

By
M. Jaya krishna Reddy
Mentor in mathematics,
APIIIT-Basar, Adilabad(dt),A.P.
India.

Acute Angle:

ACUTE
ANGLE

An angle whose measure is greater than zero but

less than 90 is called an acute angle
T
E
R
M
I
N
A
L
R
A
Y

Initial ray

opp b
sin

hyp c

hyp c
cos ec

opp b

adj a
cos

hyp c

hyp c
sec

adj a

opp b
tan

adj a

adj a
cot

opp b

A
c

Commonly used mnemonic for these ratios :

Some Old Houses

Cant Always Hide
Their Old Age

History:
Trigonometric
functions(also
called
circular functions) are functions of an
angle.
They are used to relate the angles of a
triangle to the lengths of the sides of a
triangle.
Sumerian astronomers introduced angle
measure, using a division of circles into 360
degrees.
The sine function was first defined in the
surya siddhanta and its properties were
further documented by the fifth century Indian
mathematician and astronomer Aryabhatta.
By 10th century the six trigonometric functions
were used.

Applications:
In 240 B.C. a mathematician named Eratosthenes
discovered the radius of the earth as 4212.48 miles
using trigonometric functions..

In 2001 a group of European astronomers did

an experiment by using trigonometric
functions and they got all the measurement,
they calculate the Venus was about
105,000,000 km away from the sun and the
earth was about 150, 000, 000 km away.
Optics and statics are 2 early fields of
Physics that use trigonometry.
It is also the foundation of the practical art of
surveying

1. Prove that cos .tan sin

sin
sin
Sol: cos . tan cos .
cos

2. Prove that

sin cos
sin .cos
sec cos ec

sin cos
sin cos

Sol: sec cos ec

1
1

cos
sin

sin cos
sin cos
sin .cos

sin .cos

Fundamental Relations:
opp b
sin

hyp c

A
c

adj a
cos

hyp c

C
Squaring and adding both the equations

(sin ) 2 (cos ) 2

a

c

b 2 a 2

2
c

sin 2 cos 2 1

c2

2
c

From the above

diagram, By
Pythagorean Rule,

a 2 b2 c2

opp b
tan

adj a
hyp c
sec

adj a

Squaring and subtracting the equations,

we get
C
c

(sec ) 2 (tan ) 2

c 2 b 2

2
a

2
a
1

2
a

sec 2 tan 2 1
Similarly,

co sec 2 cot 2 1

a
From the above
diagram, By
Pythagorean Rule,

a 2 b2 c2

sin 2 cos 2 1
sec 2 tan 2 1
co sec 2 cot 2 1

xample: Prove that

sol: Given that

sec 2 1
sin
sec
sec 2 1
sec
tan 2 tan

sec
sec
sin cos

sin
cos
1

Ex: Prove that sec2

- cosec2 = tan2 -

2
cot
We know that sec - tan2 = 1 =
Sol:
2
cosec2 - cotsec
- tan2 = cosec2 - cot2
sec - cosec2 = tan2 - cot2
2

cos 2 B cos 2 A
Example: Prove that tan A tan B
cos 2 A.cos 2 B
2

2
2
Sol: Given that tan A tan B

sec 2 A 1 (sec 2 B 1)
sec 2 A sec 2 B
1
1
cos 2 B cos 2 A

2
2
cos A cos B cos 2 A.cos 2 B

Values of the trigonometrical ratios :

00

300

450

600

900

Sin

1
2

3
2

Cos

3
2
1

1
2

Tan

Cosec

Sec

Cot

2
3
3

Example: find the value of tan450.sec300 cot900.cosec450

0
0
0
Sol: Given that 2tan450.sec30
-cot90
.cosec45
2
3

= 1 . = --3/5,
0. find
= the value of the other ratios
Example: If cos
Sol: Given that cos = 3/5 = adj / hyp

thus using reference triangle adj = 3, hyp = 5,by Pythagorean

principle opp = 4

opp 4
sin

hyp 5

hyp 5
sec

adj 3

hyp 5

opp 4

adj 3
cot

opp 4

cos ec

opp 4
tan

adj 3

5
4

THANK YOU