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CIRCUITS 1
EKT 204
Basic BJT Amplifiers (Part 1)
Analog signals
Analog circuits
Linear amplifier
Magnifies input signal & produce output signal that is larger & directly
proportional to input signal
DC power
Block diagram of a
compact disc
player system
Signal
source
DC voltage
source
(a)
(b)
Amplifier
Load
Summary of notation
Variable
iB, vBE
IB, VBE
Meaning
Total instantaneous values
DC values
ib, vbe
Instantaneous ac values
Ib, Vbe
Phasor values
VC
C
Fig. C
iC
vO
RB
vs
iB
RC
vCE
vBE
VBB
iB I BQ ib
(1)
iC I CQ ic
(2)
(3)
(4)
If signal source, vs = 0:
VBB I BQ RB VBEQ (B - E loop)
(5)
(6)
(8)
(9)
(11)
(12)
7
of small signal
for ac analysis
RC
ic
Equations
vs ib RB vbe
vO
RB
vs
ib
+
vbe -
Input loop
I BQ
vbe
ib
VT
+
vce
0.026 V
Output loop
ic RC vce 0
AC equivalent circuit of C-E with npn
transistor
ic ib
10
Small-signal hybrid-
equivalent circuit
gm=ICQ/VT
vbe = ibr
r
= diffusion resistance /
base-emitter input
resistance
r=VT/ICQ
1/r
= slope of iB VBE
curve
vbe
VT
FVT
r
,
ib
I BQ
I CQ
Using transconductance (gm) parameter
I CQ F I BQ
11
Small-signal hybrid-
equivalent circuit
ib
( I b )
12
CC
RC
vO
RB
We know that
i across B ib
vs
i across C ib
VBB
i across E (+1)ib
r between B -E
C
r
ib
E
13
Small-signal hybrid-
equivalent circuit
Small-signal equivalent circuit
Ic
RB
Vs
Ib
Vbe
-
r
Vbe
r RB
Vs
gmVbe
RC
Vo
Vce
-
Vo Vce g mVbe RC
Output signal voltage
Vo
r
14
Small-signal hybrid-
equivalent circuit
Example
VC
C
RC
vO
vs
VBB
15
Solutions
1.
I BQ
VBB VBE ( on )
RB
1.2 0.7
10 A
50
2.
I CQ I BQ 100(10 A) 1 mA
3.
4.
5.
6.
VT (100)(0.026)
r
2.6 k
I CQ
1
I CQ
1
gm
38.5 mA / V
VT
0.026
Vo
r
11.4
Av
g m RC
Vs
r RB
16
transconductance
parameter
ro=VA/ICQ
current gain
parameter
ro = small-signal transistor
output resistance
17
VA = early voltage
Early Voltage
(VA)
18
Basic Common-Emitter
Amplifier Circuit
Example
VCC
R1
RS CC
vs
RC
vO
R2
19
Solution
Small-signal equivalent circuit
Ri
RS
Vs
Ro
Vo
R1 \\
R2
R1 R2 r
gmV
V
s
R1 R2 r RS
Vo g mV ro RC
R1 R2 r
Vo
r R
Av
gm
R1 R2 r RS o C
Vs
rO
RC
Ri R1 R2 r
Ro ro RC
20
Self-Reading
Textbook: Donald A. Neamen,
MICROELECTRONICS Circuit Analysis &
Design,3rd Edition, McGraw Hill International
Edition, 2007
Chapter 5:The Bipolar Junction Transistor
Page: 334-339
Chapter 6: Basic BJT Amplifiers
Page: 370-388.
21
Exercise
The circuit parameters in Figure are changed to
VCC = 5V, R1=35.2k, R2=5.83k, RC=10k and
RS =0, =100, VBE(on) =0.7V and VA =100V.
Determine the quiescent collector current and
collector-emitter voltage and find the smallsignal voltage gain.
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