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Briefly discuss testput all materials

Cell Division
Two Modes of Cellular Reproduction
Mitosis and Meiosis

Germ Cells Vs. Somatic

Cells
In humans, the body cells (somatic
cells) reproduce by mitosis.
The germ cells in humans give rise to
the gametes through meiosis.

Two Modes of Reproduction

Mitosis and Meiosis
Asexual reproduction (mitosis)
One cell makes an exact copy of itself.
In eukaryotic organisms, this is
accomplished through mode of cell
division called mitosis.

Chromosome
Locus the
position on a
chromosome
where a gene
resides

Cell Cycle

Interphase vs. Mphase (mitosis or meiosis)

Cytokinesis
See picture in lab manual

 MITOSIS

Onion Root Tip

Zone of Cell
Elongation

Zone of Cell Division

Root Cap

Onion Root Tip

P 75 bead activity
5-2 onion root tip
5-3 whitefish blastula
These correspond to questions 5-1
to 5-4 in the lab exercise
When complete we will move onto
meiosis
You also may want to watch the video link below
on the bead simulation of mitosis.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGVBAHAsjJM

Diploid vs. Haploid

Diploid cells contain two sets of
chromosomes. One set inherited
from each parent.
Haploid cells contain one set of
chromosomes.

Two Modes of Reproduction

Meiosis

Sexual reproduction (In Animals)

Each parent contributes chromosomes.
Number of chromosomes stay constant
from generation to generation because
the number of chromosomes in the
gamete is one half that of the
parent cell.
In humans, gametes are formed through
the process of meiosis.
In meiosis, four new cells are produced
and the number of chromosomes in

Two Modes of Reproduction

Mitosis and Meiosis

Sexual reproduction (In Animals)

Two organisms produce cells called
gametes (egg and sperm)
Gametes fuse during fertilization

Fig. 13-5

Key
Haploid gametes (n = 23)
Haploid (n)
Egg (n)
Diploid (2n)

Sperm (n)
MEIOSIS

Ovary

FERTILIZATION

Testis
Diploid
zygote
(2n = 46)
Mitosis and
development
Multicellular diploid
adults (2n = 46)

Fig. 13-6

Key
Haploid (n)

Gametes

n
Mitosis

n
n
MEIOSIS

Diploid
multicellular
organism

(a) Animals

2n

Mitosis

Mitosis

Mitosis
n

n
Spores

FERTILIZATION

Zygote

MEIOSIS
2n

Haploid unicellular or
multicellular organism

Haploid multicellular organism

(gametophyte)

Diploid (2n)

Gametes

n
Gametes

Diploid
multicellular
organism
(sporophyte)

FERTILIZATION
MEIOSIS

2n

Mitosis

2n
Mitosis

(b) Plants and some algae

Zygote

FERTILIZATION
2n
Zygote

(c) Most fungi and some protists

Fig. 13-4

Key
2n = 6

Maternal set of
chromosomes (n = 3)
Paternal set of
chromosomes (n = 3)

Two sister chromatids

of one replicated
chromosome

Two nonsister
chromatids in
a homologous pair

Centromere

Pair of homologous
chromosomes
(one from each set)

Fig. 13-7-1
Interphase
Homologous pair of chromosomes
in diploid parent cell

Chromosomes
replicate
Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes

Sister
chromatids

Diploid cell with

replicated
chromosomes

Fig. 13-7-2
Interphase
Homologous pair of chromosomes
in diploid parent cell

Chromosomes
replicate
Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes

Sister
chromatids

Diploid cell with

replicated
chromosomes

Meiosis I

1Homologous

chromosomes
separate
Haploid cells with
replicated chromosomes

Fig. 13-7-3
Interphase
Homologous pair of chromosomes
in diploid parent cell

Chromosomes
replicate
Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes

Sister
chromatids

Diploid cell with

replicated
chromosomes

Meiosis I

1Homologous

chromosomes
separate
Haploid cells with
replicated chromosomes
Meiosis II
2Sister chromatids

separate

Haploid cells with unreplicated chromosomes

Fig. 13-12-5

Prophase I
of meiosis
Pair of
homologs

Nonsister
chromatids
held together
during synapsis

Chiasma

Centromere
TEM

Anaphase I

Anaphase II

Daughter
cells
Recombinant chromosomes

Fig. 13-11-3

Possibility 2

Possibility 1
Two equally probable
arrangements of
chromosomes at
metaphase I

Metaphase II

Daughter
cells
Combination Combination
1
2

Combination 3
Combination 4

Fig. 13-9a

MITOSIS

MEIOSIS
Parent cell
Chromosome
replication

Prophase

Chiasma

Chromosome
replication

Prophase I
Homologous
chromosome
pair

2n = 6

Replicated chromosome

MEIOSIS I

Metaphase

Metaphase I

Anaphase
Telophase

Anaphase I
Telophase I
Haploid
n=3

Daughter
cells of
meiosis I
2n
Daughter cells
of mitosis

2n

MEIOSIS II
n
n
n
n
Daughter cells of meiosis II

Can be a haploid cell as well!

Interphase

Anaphase

Prophase

Mid-telophase

Metaphase

Late-telophase

Daughter cells

 P 78 meiosis bead activity ends p.81

Corresponds to 5-5 to 5-8 in lab
exercise
Do 5-9, using photos of meiosis
Answer 5-10info in lab manual and
powerpoint