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DEFINITION OF IMPULSE
The impulse of a force is the product of the average
force and the time interval during which the force acts:
J F t
Impulse is a vector quantity and has the same direction
as the average force.
newton seconds (N s)
J F t
p mv
Linear momentum is a vector quantity and has the same
direction as the velocity.
vf vo
a
t
F ma
mvf mvo
F t
F t mv f mv o
IMPULSE-MOMENTUM THEOREM
When a net force acts on an object, the impulse of
this force is equal to the change in the momentum
of the object
impulse
F t mv f mv o
final momentum
initial momentum
F t mv f mv o
F t mv f mv o
m
F
vo
t
F 0.060 kg s 15 m s 0.90 N
F t mv f mv o
OBJECT 1
W1 F12 t m1 v f 1 m1 v o1
OBJECT 2
W2 F21 t m2 v f 2 m2 v o 2
W1 F12 t m1 v f 1 m1 v o1
W2 F21 t m2 v f 2 m2 v o 2
W1 W2 F12 F21 t m1 v f 1 m2 v f 2 m1 v o1 m2 v o 2
F12 F21
Pf
Po
W1 W2 t Pf Po
sum of average external forces t Pf Po
sum of average external forces t Pf Po
If the sum of the external forces is zero, then
0 Pf Po
Pf Po
Pf Po
m1v f 1 m2 v f 2 0
vf 2
vf 2
m1v f 1
m2
54 kg 2.5 m s
1.5 m s
88 kg
m1v f 1 m2 v f 2 m1vo1 m2 vo 2
m1 m2 v f
vo1
m1vo1
m1 m2 v f
m1
mgh 12 mv 2
m1 m2 gh f
1
2
m1 m2 v 2f
gh f 12 v 2f
v f 2 gh f 2 9.80 m s 2 0.650 m
v f 2 9.80 m s 2 0.650 m
vo1
m1 m2 v f
m1
0.0100 kg 2.50 kg
vo1
0.0100 kg
m1v f 1x m2 v f 2 x m1vo1x m2 vo 2 x
m1v f 1 y m2 v f 2 y m1vo1 y m2 vo 2 y
The center of mass is a point that represents the average location for
the total mass of a system.
xcm
m1 x1 m2 x2
m1 m2
xcm
m1x1 m2 x2
m1 m2
vcm
m1v1 m2 v2
m1 m2
vcm
m1v1 m2 v2
m1 m2
BEFORE
vcm
m1v1 m2 v2
0
m1 m2
AFTER
vcm
88 kg 1.5 m s 54 kg 2.5 m s
0.002 0
88 kg 54 kg