PRESENTATION BY

HAFEEZ ULLAH
SAIRA MARYAM
ADEEL ABBAS
ANUM SHABAIR
OMER HAYAT

34
37
23
11
06

HAFEEZ ULLAH

ROLL NO

34

TOPIC:
HOW TO REDUCE
UNEMPLOYMENT IN
BUSINESS
QUALIFICATION

WHAT IS UNEMPLOYMENT

DEFINITION
When people are without jobs and they have

actively looked for work within the past four

weeks.(ILO)

HISTORY
In traditional societies, salary jobs did not exist
yet, because money was not invented yet. These cultures
lived off the land directly, and the land belonged to the tribe
or to no one. Everyone knew how to build shelter and make
food. When these cultures invented currency and moved to
the cities, they began to depend on money to buy food from
a middle man, instead of growing, gathering, or hunting the
food
directly from nature. Dependence on jobs to make
money to buy food and shelter
was the beginning of
unemployment.

A 1837 political cartoon about

unemployment in the United
States

HISTORICAL RECORDS OF
UNEMPLOYMENT

Unemployment
(2001_2011)

SAIRA MARYAM
ROLL NO 37

Types & Causes

of Unemployment

Types of
Unemployment
Cyclical Unemployment:
Cyclical unemployment occurs
when the unemployment rate moves in the opposite
direction as the GDP growth rate. So when GDP growth
is small (or negative) unemployment is high.

Seasonal
Unemployment:
Seasonal unemployment occurs when
people are unemployed at certain times of the year,
because they work in industries where they are not
needed all year round. Examples of industries where
demand, production and employment are seasonal
include tourism and leisure, farming, construction and
retailing.

Frictional
Unemployment:
People who are simply between jobs, in this
sense, are said to be frictionally unemployed. This is a
particularly important category, since this category of
unemployment can never be eliminated or reduced to zero.
Even in the best-functioning market economy, there will be
some people who are between jobs. The practical minimum
proportion of the work force who are between jobs in given
circumstances will be called the frictional unemployment.

Structural
Unemployment:
"structural unemployment" for
employment problems that arise because of a
mismatch between the needs of employers and the
skills and training of the labor force.

CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
Higher growth rate of population

Lack of Technology

CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
Business Trends

Nationalization of business units

CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
Lack of Technical Education

Shut Down of Industrial Units

CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
Ineffective Micro Financing Schemes

Political instability

Anum Shabair
NO. 11

ROLL

Steps to
Problem

Reduce the
of Unemployment

Steps to Reduce the

Problem of Unemployment
Some steps which can be taken by the
government sectors or world bodies in reducing the
level of unemployment .

Betterment of the Employment

Exchange:
private companies which
provide the maximum job opportunities. Government
should grant more funds and powers to its
employment exchange terminal.

Steps to
Problem

Reduce the
of Unemployment

Providing Better Educational Facilities to

Citizens:
Education creates employment, so a
country with good educational facilities will have less
unemployment.

Steps to Reduce the

Problem of Unemployment
Elimination of Child Labor:
When underage children start making
money, they will look for more options to make money.
Schools are made for children and vice versa.
Elimination of child labor can definitely help people to
go for better options.

Steps to Reduce the

Problem of Unemployment
More Job Fairs:
Government should initialize and
create more job fairs which form a bridge between
companies which have employment opportunities and
people who need employment.

Steps to Reduce the

Problem of Unemployment
Increase in Government Grants to

Public Sector Companies:

Public sector companies are also
known to create hundreds of job opportunities. So an
increase in grants to these companies will imply better
functioning which will eventually help people who are
unemployed.

Steps to Reduce the

Problem of Unemployment
Improving Pay Scales to Reduce

Unemployment by Choice:
Many people choose to be unemployed to do
things they like or to avoid working on low pay scales.
Improving pay scales in government and public sectors
will give fewer options for people to stay unemployed
by choice.

Steps to Reduce the

Problem of Unemployment
Legalizing Many Unconventional

Methods of Earning:
There are many modes of making money
which are considered illegal in many places but are
done secretly. Good examples of it are prostitution,
gambling and betting. Legalizing these activities will
create more employment.

ADEEL ABBAS
NO 23

ROLL